Leadership in strategy formulation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership in strategy formulation - Assignment Example .As the headline itself suggest, the article is an effort to emphasise the crucial role of leadership in strategy formulation and implementation. It has been pointed out that ‘strategy’ as such has undergone a change over the years and in today’s context the market forces play a key role in influencing strategy formulation.It has also been stated that, â€Å"†¦.Strategy must be a dynamic tool for guiding the development of a company over time†. This implies that strategist must be constantly on the watch regarding the process of implementation. In addition, in order to come out with desired results, the strategists must also monitor the policies being adopted by companies in the competition. Michel Porter, suggested that a company could gain sustainable competitive advantage provide it follows any of the three generic strategies, namely; If the company is able to become the lowest cost producer of the product or service in the industry and is able to e ffectively pass it on to the customers, then it can very well acquire the cost leadership. To support the argument Montgomery has cited the example of Ryan air, a successful low cost airline. Ryan air started off as a full service airliner priced at less than half the fares of rival companies, but soon realised that in order to make inroads into the customer base of rival companies it has to do something innovative on prices front, and thus converted to no-frills, low cost airline. Product or Service Differentiation: The article too emphasises the importance of product differentiation in order to be able to do successful business, gain profitability and establish a brand identity. Montgomery points out that this has been possible with the infusion of economics into strategy formulation. In this strategy, companies try out efforts to offer some pleasant surprises to the customer. Some innovative features are added to the product or service so that the customer could perceive some uniqueness in the product or service. Montgomery cites the example of IBM, when its CEO solicited views from the employees of IBM on; If our company disappeared tonight, how different would the world be tomorrow Is there something about our company that makes a unique contribution to the world The article further emphasises that, "It (strategy) has become more about formulation than implementation and more about getting the idea right at the outset than living with strategy over time". This statement depicts the dynamic and evolutionary nature of strategy formulation. The rapid pace, with which changes are taking place, makes it pertinent on the part of the strategists that they should formulate the strategy in such a manner that it can deliver the optimum benefits to the company the very first time itself. Because, once the strategy is known to competitors, they are bound to come out with a counter-strategy. As has been elaborated in the article itself that while gaining depth, the strategy has lost breadth, which implies that the strategy has become more focused towards its objective/s. 2. How do these three current views of strategy - the RBV(resource-based view), strategy positioning and emergent theory - fit with Montgomery's idea that strategy must be a "dynamic tool "and needs to be "lived with over time". Three current views of strategy include, the Resource Based View (RBV), strategy positioning and emergent theory. RBV is a method for analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the company. Such a view helps in explaining the competitive edge of the company based on the resources and capabilities of the company. For the purpose of RBV analysis, resources for a company can be classified in three broad categories, namely tangible assets, intangible assets and organisational capabilities. Positioning of the strategy is another crucial aspect which determines the success or failure of the strategy. It is

Essay On Goa And Its Tourist Attractions

Essay On Goa And Its Tourist Attractions INTRODUCTION: ABOUT GOA Goa is popularly known as the Pearl of the orient and tourist paradise. It is located in Indias coastal belt on the western called the Konkan coast. It has an alarming scenic beauty. The architectural work done Goan Temples, Churches and old houses has brought great laurels to Goa. Some of these characteristics make Goa to be occupied by tourists. It is the most preferred option by the people who are planning their holidays. Goa as compared to other states is not greatly populated but compared in terms of tourists it is the most populated place in India. Apart from attracting tourists from all over India, it also attracts tourists of foreign background. During the months of November, December and January Goa is heavily crowded. The real essence of Goa lies in its rich history, unique culture and the original natural beauty. Peaceful Goan lifestyle and adventure sports also draw the attention of the travelers within and outside India. All kinds of tourists are expected to visit Goa. REASONS WHY TOURISTS VISIT GOA Beaches There are more than 36 beaches in Goa, each one is known for its own distinctiveness. North Goa beaches are most popular amongst the tourists while South Goa beaches are now gaining popularity because of its peacefulness. Sun Tourist visit Goa for loads of vitamin D which they have while having sun bath and also have drinks for complete relaxation from stress. They also visit Goa for relaxation for body. Massage Tourist visit Goan beaches for massage centers. Not just that, but to get some immunity and treat body with pure minerals. Natural views Goan view can be best viewed while travelling on the bike. The Sandy beaches, coconut trees waterfalls truly add flavor to the goan natural view. Lush green fields, majestic forests train track, long roads and cool breeze make up for the perfect natural view. Architecture Culture Goa is also famous for its heritage and its architecture. In goa you will find traditional mixture of Portuguese and goa. This offers a unique feature to witness a pure blend of Portuguese and goan culture in architecture of villas, forts houses and churches. Water Sports Tourist are offered water sports like surfing, para sailing waterscooter etc. these water sports add up towards attracting tourists to Goa Sea food Sea foods like Mackrels, Tiger prawns, King Fish, have separate delicacies in the hearts of tourists.. Party Destination The young are attracted towards Goa as it is a party destination. Many parties are organized during Christmas new years and its a tourist hotspot to celebrate these eves in goa. These parties usually go up for couple of days. Liberal Female tourist visit Goa as they find it to be most liberal compared to other places in India. In Goa you can feel free to dress up. Economical Goa is affordable for everyone. Thats the reason why tourist find it most attractive as compared to other places in India. Fairs and festivals Goa is famous for its carnival attracting tourist to goa during this time. Casinos People visit Goa for Casinos. People who enjoy gambling with chilled drinks and music find Goa to be a perfect place. The Main Attractions Beaches Goan coastline spread over 125 kms and is the home of over 50 picturisque and beautiful beaches. These beaches attracts tourist from all round the globe. Candolim Beach, Baga Beach, Sinquerim Beach, Bambolim Beach, Arambol Beach, Vagator Beach, Benaulim Beach, Palolem Beach, Agonda Beach, Mobor and Cavelossim beaches are famous and an increasing number of tourists visit these beaches every year. Calangute Beach Queen of Goa beaches, Colva Beach- Pride of Salcete Dona Paula, Miramar(Gaspar Dias)- A lovely golden beach and Anjuna beach are some of the famous beaches in Goa. Scenic beauty Goa has number of other scenic options. One such attraction is Waterfall. Goa lies between Sahyadri hills and Arabian Sea. Goa is full of beautiful springs, lakes, and waterfalls. While traveling to these places one gets to see the natural beauty of Goa. Dudhsagar Water Falls, Kesarval Springs, Mayem Lake, Arvalem Waterfall, Kuskem Waterfall are some of the famous water falls in Goa. Churches Goa is well known for its Churches. Churches in goa well known for its architecture. During the Portuguese regime there were many churches built and now have become world heritage site. Royal Chapel of St Anthony, Church of The Carmelites, Church of St.Francis of Assisi, Our Lady of Immaculate Conception, Basilica of Bom Jesus, Chapel of St.Catherine, Reis Magos Church, Church of Our Lady of Rosary in Goa Se Cathedral, to name few of them. Temple In olden times when Portuguese invaded Goa. In every village of Goa there was a temple and a lord to worship for each village. These temples still exist giving each village a distinct feature to differentiate. For example, Mangeshi Temple of Mangeshi village. Goan temple architecture is a mixture of Portuguese and Maratha style like Mandapa of Goa temples. Mangeshi Temple, Sri Kamakshi Temple, Sri Vithal Temple, Sri Shantadurga Temple in Kavlem are some of the famous temples in Goa. Mosque Jama Masjid and Safa Masjid at Ponda are the famous mosques in Goa. Wild life centuries Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife, Sanctuary,Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Mollem National Park, Bondla wild life Forest, Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary, are some of the famous wild life centuries. Monuments Forts   Chapora Fort, Fort Aguada, Teracol Fort, Reis Magos Fort, Mormugao Fort, Rachol Fort, Naroa Fort, Corjuem Fort,Cabo De Rama Fort in Goa Other attractions There are plantations like Savoi Plantation, Sahakari Spice Farm, Tropical Spice Plantation, Pascol Spice Village which attracts tourist. There are caves and other natural beauties of Goa that attracts whole lot of domestic and foreign tourist. Tourist also visit the heritage homes like Sarah Fernandes. In Goa adventure sports attracts a number of tourists. Its one of the few places in India known to have adventure sports facilities.People also visit Goa for medical purpose also Impact of tourism in Goa It helps in the preservation of National Heritage and Environment. Helps in developing Infrastructure. It helps in creating job opportunities and in the development of economy. Most of the rich and famous metropolises are investing in Goa which has pushed up land prices and has created overcrowding. Garbage is one of the problem in Goa and there is no proper infrastructure to deal with it. Tourist places are piled up with garbage because of the increased number of tourist in Goa. As a result Goa is facing a major problem of solid waste management. Most of the tourist prefers to visit places in the North which has resulted in the exceeding carrying capacity. Goas tourism belt is getting overcrowded. Overexploitation of beaches due to the tourism related activities. Suggestions: Provide Information Centre to the inbound tourists Promote Real Goa and not the commercialized version of Goa The protection of the environment can be achieved by proper planning and management of various spatial entities viz. Water resources, land, settlements, forests etc. in the most effective manner. Strengthen the basic infrastructure at beaches, temples, churches, monuments and other tourist spots, including parking and changing rooms/toilets and proper illumination from safety and security point of view, besides regular and timely disposal of garbage generated by hotels, shacks and others Scope to develop ecotourism along the Ghats, hills and wildlife sanctuaries, and adventure tourism Encourage agro-eco-tourism Souvenirs and mementos prepared by village artisans and craftsmen, offer tremendous scope for branding the local products, help the rural economy to grow There are overcrowded beaches in north Goa like Calangute beach, Baga beach, Candolim beach, Anjuna beach but there are more beautiful beaches down south so can focus to arrange tours and travels for the less crowded beaches for example Keri Beach, Velsao Beach, Palolem beach, Majorda beach, Senabatim beach, Uttrda Beach and so on. Tour guides should properly be trained to accompany tourist to the places of special significance. Should be trained to explain significance of religious places also inform them about religious services which are being offered there.

My Experience with Computers :: Personal Narrative Writing

My Experience with Computers I remember walking single file to the computer Lab. It was a room that was completely new to my whole fifth grade class. What did it look like inside? Did we all really get to play on these machines? I had never even typed on a computer before. This was fifth grade and my computer experience was, well, let's just say lacking. Learning to use these computers was a great experience for me. I was pretty scared but I learned how to play a lot of games and the teachers were very kind and helpful. Computers were a thing of the future, and more and more kids needed to learn how to use them. This was the case at our school. They thought it was time to conquer our fear, they were no longer valued as precious treasures that were only available to those over the age of eighteen. I had seen computers before but had never learned how to use them because I was never allowed, my mother always looked at me as an accident waiting to happen when it came to expensive things. Now that I am in college, I must say that I have gained some knowledge in this area, though I wouldn't consider myself an expert. I use my computer now for typing papers to turn in for school, using America Online to talk to friends, and downloading music to burn CD's. In sixth grade I moved from a poor public elementary school to a wealthy middle school. This meant I went from sharing fifteen computers with the whole school of five different grades, to having my very own computer in each individual class, teachers in the classes learned my name and my strengths and weaknesses when it came to these machines. I was terrible at typing but was awesome at just about any game you could put in front of me. I believe this also helped me gain experience. Having more access to these computers and I didn't have to bother waiting in line anymore, I wanted to participate because I had more of an opportunity to do so. I began to play around with games like "The Oregon Trail" and programs like "Microsoft Word" which helped me learn the proper technique to typing. I got my first computer from a friend of my mom's.

Ethical Dimensions of Preparing Two Financial Reports Essay

Ethical dimensions of financial accounting with respect to keeping of two sets of records, one for internal purposes only and the other for internal taxation purposes. Financial accounting, as stated by Garrison, is concerned with providing information those people outside an organization. This includes preparation of financial reports showing the company’s past financial performance which will be the basis for additional investments for stockholders, capacity to pay off loans for creditors or banks, imposing correct government taxes as mandated by law, etc. Financial reports, therefore, should be done accurately and with utmost truthfulness to avoid misconstruction due to omission or misstatement as stated in the International Federation of Accountants Code of Ethics. However, there are some who do not conform to this Code. Some companies practice preparation of two sets of financial reports at the end of the fiscal year, one for internal purpose and the other to be used and submitted for internal taxation purpose. Usually, if the company would like to attract additional investments from its stockholders, incomes are bloated. On the other hand, to avoid paying high taxes or even pay no taxes at all, financial statements are manipulated to reflect a lower or negative net income, which will be the basis for the computation of the taxes to be paid by the company. Whether for stockholders or for taxation, I strongly condemn such practice. This does not only violate the Code of Ethics of IFAC, such practice, if done continually, could even be a start of the eventual downfall of any company due to loss of its credibility and integrity. Thus, there exist major financial scandals that lead to collapse of business giants like what happened to ENRON. Further, leaders of the company may suffer from huge penalties or even jail terms, if found guilty of violating the code. Sadly, our country’s system on taxation and how the government use, or should I say, misuse collected taxes opens a lot of controversies and issues, which is being used by some companies to justify the practice of preparing a different financial report for taxation purpose. Corruption and issues on tax evasion by big companies are only a few examples why some companies validate this act. Corporate governance, as they say, should start first with the government, ethical behavior should be practiced first by our government leaders. This is the main campaign of incumbent President PNoy. The Code of Ethics on Integrity Rules states: â€Å"A member must not make, prepare, or certify, or permit or direct another person to make, prepare or certify, any statement which the member knows, believes or ought to

Applications of Integral Calculus

To find the moment of inertia, you find the area under, and also between the curve(s). An application in which integration is key to reaching the target value is a PAID Controller. The purpose of a PAID Controller is to determine the error between what is measured and what is expected. The â€Å"l† or integration part of the controller is the collected past errors. The actual integral is the total of the instantaneous error over time. All parts of the error are included, meaning duration and amount. Integral mathematics has much to do with the duration and amount of something.One major example Is population analysis. Population analysis Is a form of Integral math that Is applied for biology. The births In the present year rely on many things from previous years, most obviously the amount of births In the previous year. All things affect the population of the proceeding years. Since all variables intertwine with one another, they can be put into once common integral equation. T wo major variables in the equation would be the rates of fertility and survivorship. The average temperature for weather also uses integration.For example, the weatherman would note the average temperature for his time last year to show how much weather has fluctuated. How did he get an average temperature? He found it using integration. The weatherman would make a graph of the weather of math from this time last year, and create an integral to find the exact average value. He could then wait until he has collected enough information for this season this year and fled the average temperate of this season through Integration. With these two average values, he could compare the two for changes.When cars were first created, not much about them was efficient whatsoever. They may have delivered the driver from point A to point B more quickly than before cars, but like most new inventions, cars were greatly flawed. To fix these errors, manufacturers began crash testing for safety, which i nvolves physics. Using integration, a crash test analyst can first find average results for crashes with safety products as well as results without safety products. Then, with the separate averages he can compare the results to verify that the specific safety products are realistic to install into vehicles.Specifically, the severity index, which was aimed towards being able to determine the risk of an injury to the head, is calculated by using an integral. Severity Index is the Integral from zero to T of EDT. In the severity index integral, T represents the duration of the deceleration during the crash test and (a(t)) Is the deceleration at time (t). Though the Severity Index was a good calculation, something better was discovered. The Head Injury Criterion Is based on the average value of acceleration over the most important part of the deceleration.The new and Improved Integral Tutorial Tort ten nana Injury criterion represents ten maximum alee over the critical time period for th e integral expression. This method is much more realistic and is used to test things such as the safety of an airbag and even prove that stables do in-fact save lives. Integration is also used for finding displacement from velocity, and velocity from acceleration. Unlike a lot of other applications, in this situation you would use the indefinite integral for displacement and velocity. An integral is used to define these two things because integration is the opposite of differentiation.Consequently, to find displacement you would use the indefinite integral of velocity (v) EDT. Likewise, you would determine velocity by using the indefinite integral of acceleration (a) EDT. Integrals are also involved in biology. One integral is the Coulomb Field approximation. With this approximation, one calculates the Borne radius. Although it is acceptable, the Coulomb Field approximation is known to overestimate the Borne radii. Other methods of the Coulomb Field approximation have been demonstra ted by adding and subtracting certain areas of the equation. Using integration you can also find the average off moving sequence of numbers.This is commonly done with stocks. The numbers that â€Å"move† in the stock integral would be the day and the price. Along with integration being involved in the stock business, it is also involved in consumer surplus and producer surplus. Producer's surplus is the surplus money that the producer obtains from charging less than the selling price. Consumer's surplus is the difference between what consumers are willing to pay and what they do actually end up spending. Similar to the integrals dealing with extra money in consumerism and production, you can use integration to find the three different values of a continuous income stream.

Desperation essays

Desperation essays Mary and Peter Jackson were driving down highway 50 in the middle of Nevada when Collie Entragian, the Desperation police officer, pulled them over for having a missing rear license plate. He told Peter that he could take the front license plate off and put it on the back and they should be ok. Peter went to the trunk of the car to get a tool kit under the spare tire. When he lifted up the tire to get the tools, Entragian and Peter found a bag of marijuana. Entragian started to get violent and he beat up Peter. It wasn't too bad, though. He arrested Peter and Mary and took them to the jail in Desperation. When the got the municipal building, Entragian shot Peter and killed him. He put Mary in the holding cells. Entragian's next victims were the Carver's. They lived in Ohio and were going on vacation to Lake Tahoe. They had gotten four flat tires on the RV that they were driving. Entragian saw that they were having trouble and he stopped to help them. He told them that there was a dangerous man on the loose and the reason that they had four flat tires because they ran over a spike strip that was supposed to stop the man. Collie took the Carvers, Ralph, Ellen, David, and Kirsten, to the municipal building. When they got there, Entragian pushed Kirsten down the stairs and killed her. He put the rest of them in the holding cells. Johnny Marinville was a famous writer, also known as a literary lion. He was traveling across country on a motorcycle to see if it would give him an idea for a new book. He also needed something interesting to do. While driving down Highway 50, Johnny decided to stop and use the bathroom. He pulled over and walked down into the ditch a ways and started to go. Just as he was finishing, along came Entragian. He recognized Johnny and was ecstatic to see him because he loved his books. As they were talking, Entragian spotted something sticking out of Johnny's carrying bags on his bike. He went over there to see...

The Man in the Iron Mask essays

The Man in the Iron Mask essays 1) I did my movie review on the Man in the Iron Mask which was made in 1998 and starred Leonardo DiCaprio. I decided to do my report on this movie because it tells a good story, has lots of action, and shows how the legend of the Man in the Iron Mask still intrigues people today. 2) This movie recreates the reign of King Louis XIV in France during the year of 1662. Louis XIV who was also known as the Sun King reined for seventy-two years, longer than any other ruler in European history and under his leadership France became a world power and a leader in the arts. Although few people today realize that the Man in the Iron Mask was a real person, many have heard of him thanks to the stories and movies based on the 19th century French novel The Man in the Iron Mask by Alexandre Dumas. It is possible that Damass interest in the Iron Mask legend was inspired by his grandfather who grew up at the royal court of Versailles. 3) It can be said that the theme for this movie is All for one, one for all, which is a quote used often by the Musketeers in the movie. To me this quote means that people working together can accomplish anything. It also means that one person working for the greater good to help other people can also accomplish anything. This movie showed that even though the retired Musketeers had many differences, once they set their differences aside they were able accomplish the impossible. 4) I feel that this movie was made for modern American Audiences because many people have been captivated by the stories and legends of the 3 Musketeers. Another thing that interested movie goers was that the mystery of The Man in the Iron Mask was never solved. It remains one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in the last several hundred years. 5) This movie reflected a couple of issues. The first issue reflected was the differences in the class structure during the ...

7 Myths About Freelance Writing Online

7 Myths About Freelance Writing Online 7 Myths About Freelance Writing Online 7 Myths About Freelance Writing Online By Ali Hale You want to earn a bit of extra money. Or youd love to be a published writer. Or youre looking for an exciting and rewarding career. Whatever your reason, youve started to think about freelance writing online. It sounds like a dream come true: you could work from home, at any time of the day (or night), and get good money for writing about topics that interest you. Except somethings stopping you. Youve started believing one – or more – of these harmful myths. Today, I want to show you that these myths just arent true. Theres no reason to let any of them hold you back. #1: Its too late to make money freelance writing online All the good jobs are already gone, right? And bloggings dead anyway Wrong. The fact that huge numbers people are making money online as freelance writers should encourage you. Theres plenty of work out there – and as more and more businesses realize the importance and the potential of the internet, new writing jobs are appearing every single day. In fact, now is a great time to start freelancing. Writing online is a growing area, particularly as more and more print magazines fold, and as the demand for online content grows. #2: Online writing gigs dont pay as well as print ones This is a gross generalization, without much truth in it. Some print publications dont pay anything – local newspapers and specialty magazines often rely on volunteers, because of printing and distribution costs. But online, even tiny operations can afford to pay writers, since their overheads are so low. Some online writing gigs pay very little – but there are others which pay a hundred dollars or more for a short article. Its up to you what jobs you take, so you never need to work for a low rate. In my experience, online writing gigs pay very well in terms of time spent. They may pay less per word – but they often dont require the same level of research and fact-checking that print publications want. #3: You need technical knowledge to freelance write online This myth puts off a lot of people. Theyre convinced that online freelance writing requires technical skills like knowing HTML code or being a whizz with different systems. The truth is, you almost certainly already have all the technical skills you need: Ability to use email (to send articles to an editor) Basic word-processing skills (e.g. using Microsoft Word or Open Office) Ability to use search engines (e.g. Google, Yahoo) for research It really is that simple. Of course, there are some gigs where youll be at an advantage if youre comfortable with uploading content into your clients software – for instance, WordPress – but there are plenty of writing jobs which dont require anything techy beyond the ability to create a document and send it by email. #4: You need an English or Journalism major to be a freelance writer Maybe you majored in math or a science, or maybe you didnt go to college at all. It doesnt matter. All that editors care about is your ability to write – whether or not you have a degree makes no difference to them. If youve studied English, Journalism or a related subject, youll probably be a confident and fast writer – which will serve you well. However, you can easily develop your writing skills outside the college world – and academic writing bears very little resemblance to the sort of writing that online gigs will want! #5: Receiving payments is hard. Youll need an accountant and a merchant bank account This myth really frustrates me, because its so out of date! All you need to receive money online is a PayPal account – almost every single online gig Ive ever had has paid through PayPal. The one gig which didnt, with an online magazine, sent me a check which I just deposited straight into my bank account. Opening a PayPal account takes minutes, and allows you to receive money in many different currencies without having to pay the hefty fee that your bank would charge for a foreign transaction. #6: Only people living in the US can become successful freelance writers Im living proof that this is untrue – I live in the UK, and have worked with editors in the US, in Canada and in Australia. I know of many successful freelance writers around the world. Most online gigs will take writers from anywhere. All that matters is that you can write good English. If you live in a country with a low cost of living, then youre actually at an advantage – as youll be getting paid US rates for your work. #7: You need to be an expert in one field before you can find freelance jobs You already have certain areas where youre knowledgeable, just from your life experience. For instance, you might have children – and there are scores of jobs looking for people who can write about parenting. Many online gigs are open to any writers, and dont require any particular expertise. You might have to do extra research to begin with, but if you keep writing on similar topics, youll soon become a self-taught expert. So – seven myths busted! I hope youre feeling more optimistic about your own chances of freelancing online. Writing is a great way to make a living (or just make some extra cash on the side) and theres always going to be a demand for good writers and new content. Notice: Due to popular request we have finally released our Freelance Writing Course. Come check it out if you want to get started freelance writing online. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 10130 Baseball IdiomsOne "L" or Two?

Emergency Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Emergency Management - Assignment Example The concept selected is preparedness. Preparedness relates to those activities; actions or strategies layout by emergency leaders in preparation for unforeseen disasters and emergencies. A good example of preparedness is training of emergency management personnel. Training prepares them with abilities, skills, and knowledge needed to handle future emergencies. For instance, NEMA can advance training to emergency personnel on handling contagious and infectious viruses like Ebola. Following the trending political and military situation in Juba, South Sudan, the government of America finds it difficult to advance security to its citizens in the country. The limited emergency services justify the evacuation plan. The current event and strategies of evacuation warnings relates to emergency management as US will be able to handle the situation once its citizens are out of danger (US Embassy, 2014). United States Embassy (Juba South Sudan) (January 3, 2014). Emergency Message for U.S. Citizens: Republic of South Sudan. Retrieved September 24, 2014, from

Evolution of the Global Economic Environment Research Paper

Evolution of the Global Economic Environment - Research Paper Example As global trade has grown over the last 20 years, both in terms of global productivity and absolute means, China has sustained their share of global trade and substantially increased their share of global exports of produced goods (Lin 2001). From 1990-2010, at merely more than 10.4 percent (Lin 2001, slide 4), China’s share of global exports was significant. The multinational business is usually perceived as a major motivator for the system of the globalization of production. This is justifiable, because the presence of the multinational business is, in principle, grounded on earlier and major foreign investment (Ostry & Alexandroff 2003). Furthermore, the past two decades have witnessed a dramatic boost in the operations of multinational businesses in China. Recent reports indicate that there are roughly 65,000 transnational corporations at present (Milberg 2004, 45). Their economic effect can be evaluated through varied approaches. Foreign partners, in 2001, comprised more than 50 million workers in comparison to more than 20 million in 1990 (Milberg 2004, 45). According to the UNCTAD (2002, 1 as cited in Milberg 2004, 45), foreign partners presently comprise about one-third of global exports and one-tenth of global GDP. Between the 1980s and the 1990s, FDI’s share in international gross capital formation increased by two-thirds; for China, the rise was by about three-quarters. FDI massively rose in the 1990s, even though it dropped abruptly in 2001 due to the global recession and weakening of stock markets (Lin 2001). Hence the reduction in the flows of FDI was tilted toward advanced nations. FDI to China and other developing nations increased 4 percent from 1980 to 2001, and China’s share of world FDI climbed significantly from the early 1990s to 2001 (Ostry & Alexandroff 2003). Nevertheless, this increase has not been sufficient to make a difference in the share of the developing nations of the global reserves of FDI, which, according to UNCTAD (2000 as cited in Milberg 2004, 46), has changed roughly 35% over the past two decades. China, in the 1990s hardly made it on the international economic scale. However, China was able to improve its status in international trading after roughly two decades, making her the current second most advanced economy in the world (Lin 2001). The trade of China, in the 1990s, was an insignificant presence in world trade. After two decades, the country is presently the biggest global exporter of goods, with a rate of annual export growth at 18 percent (Lin 2001, slide 6). Due to this massive development in China’s role in international trading, trade structure has been altered. It is the contention of this paper that the transformation in trade structure, or with intensified trade in intermediate rather than final products, instead of expansion in the volume of trade that establishes globalization as a relevant occurrence in terms of the development of strategies for economic growth. This transformation in the structure of trade is the outcome of the appearance of global trading systems, wherein bits and pieces of a product are manufactured in various places all over the world.

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Assignment 1 - Essay Example The information obtained from management accounting system help facilitate this objective. For example the management of an organization can use management information to determine which products to drop outsource or produce in house. The information used in planning can then be used as standards against which future performance can be evaluated. This then forms a basis for controlling output or inputs ad determined from the variance. In management accounting, the decision maker is able to forecast an activity and the required input, such as labour time and cost for production, which helps in planning to determine the feasibility of the project. During actual production, he costs incurred are used to evaluated performance and determine the necessary course of action through control mechanism (Needles, Crosson, & Powers, 2002). Management accounting information is also used in decision making is to; generate information that is useful in helping the management allocate costs between costs of goods sold and inventory for internal and report profit to external users Financial accounting is a term used to describe the process of maintains a system of accounting records such as revenues, and exoenses for business transactions and other items of financial nature and reporting the financial position and fianacial performance of an entity. The main purpose of financial accounting is to provide information to external users such as investors, banks and shareholder (Needles, Crosson, & Powers, 2002). The scope of financial accounting concretes on the external users of financial information of the company. Therefore accounting information is useful in acquisition of financial resources from lenders banks and other financial institutions that depend on such information to make decisions. From a company’s financial information a bank is able to determine the ability of a firm to pay interest on bonds. Financial accounting

Marks and Spencer Group PLC Performance Review Case Study

Marks and Spencer Group PLC Performance Review - Case Study Example The stock of the company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is one of the FTSE 100 Index. Over the last thirty years, Marks & Spencer Group PLC has been the leading clothing company in the United Kingdom. The company operates more than 300 stores. The range and quality of its fashionable and functional clothes combined with better customer service has been attributed to the company’s success. In the past, the position of the company was strong in the United Kingdom market that it refused to make payments using credit cards from their clients (Markets.investorschronicle.co.uk, 2014). The company also felt no reason of conducting advertisements. Weight of Debt Financing The funding Strategy of Mark and Spencer Group is to make sure that the mix of financing sources offers a cost effectiveness and flexibility to match the company’s requirements. Operating subsidiaries of the company are financed through bank borrowing, finance leases, medium term notes, and facilities of committed bank. The objective is to make sure that the company has appropriate income in managing the financial obligations and to achieve the objective of the business. Additionally, its objective is to ensure that the company has a reasonable amount of source based on the maturity and the investors. The company has a committed syndicated revolving debt of 1.325 billion pounds that is meant to mature in 2017. The company has a single financial covenant which is the ration of the depreciation, earnings before interest and tax, rent payable, and the amortization plus the payable rent.

Human Resource Management PT 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resource Management PT 1 - Essay Example as emphasized by Mueller & Baum (2011), â€Å"labor, like all organizational resources, is highly dependent on supply and demand of human talent in different occupations, professions and industries† (p. 140). The current discourse hereby aims to identify and discuss HRM concerns, such as organizational restructuring, staffing and selection, and other relevant HR issues in the healthcare setting. Restructuring in organizations are undertaken for varied purposes. Some organizations restructure to accommodate increased or specialized functions, departments, or divisions. Others deem that restructuring is needed to address inefficiencies and to minimize costs. In the study on restructuring, the authors revealed that it has the potential effects of leading to repercussive resignations, low morale from remaining staff, perceptions of insecurity, mistrust to management, low performance and productivty (Duffield and OBrien-Pallas 2002; Duffield, Kearin, Johnson, & Leonard, 2007). measured in terms of apparent effects on cost versus performance or productivity of the remaining workers, in the long-run (Bowes, 2009). According to Cascio (2009), downsizing has the following effects: â€Å"lost business as a result of fewer salespeople; lack of new products since there are fewer R&D staff members; (and) reduced productivity when high performers leave as morale decreases† (p. 1). As such, decreasing the number of employees does not always save an organization money because the organization would be incurring additional costs associated with hiring, training new personnel, and maintaining the current pool of human resources in a motivated and highly productive manner through the use of motivational techniques. Selecting a qualified person for a position necessitates application of acquisition strategies. The organization should have a well-designed job organization system that defines job positions according to qualifications of potential candidates versus the tasks and

Emigration in USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emigration in USA - Essay Example Individual immigrants will win in the sense that after being employed in the formal or informal sectors their disposable income will increase. Additionally, individual immigrants will be covered by the government in terms of provision of health care as well as security. Based on their skills and experience, immigrants will acquire well paying jobs as well as political positions. One of the notable implications of the immigration is that it will create stiff competition between domestic workers and immigrant workers thus making the domestic workers to be losers. A major result of the immigration is that racism is likely to emerge between various groups. For instance, there have been cases of social conflicts between Korean immigrants and the black. This occurred during the 1992 riots in Los Angeles. Similarly, non-white Latino and African American group have been involved in conflicts that not only affect their economic productivity but also their social life. As a nation, US will benefit in various ways for example economic growth, technology advancement and adequate market for goods among others. According to Smith and Barry 26, immigrants significantly contribute to the US economy. For example, each year $10 billion is contributed to the US economy by immigrants. Based on the fact that US heavily rely on its own resources, immigrants act as a major source of labor as well as market for locally produced goods. To address the issue of racism and social conflicts that affect various groups, it is imperative to create forums that will entail interaction of various groups with an aim of preaching peace. Additionally, it is fundamental for government to streamline employment policies that will enable equal employment opportunities for domestic workers as well as immigrants. It is necessary to reduce the number of losers and increase the number of winners for example by providing equal economic opportunities for

Human Resource Management PT 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resource Management PT 1 - Essay Example as emphasized by Mueller & Baum (2011), â€Å"labor, like all organizational resources, is highly dependent on supply and demand of human talent in different occupations, professions and industries† (p. 140). The current discourse hereby aims to identify and discuss HRM concerns, such as organizational restructuring, staffing and selection, and other relevant HR issues in the healthcare setting. Restructuring in organizations are undertaken for varied purposes. Some organizations restructure to accommodate increased or specialized functions, departments, or divisions. Others deem that restructuring is needed to address inefficiencies and to minimize costs. In the study on restructuring, the authors revealed that it has the potential effects of leading to repercussive resignations, low morale from remaining staff, perceptions of insecurity, mistrust to management, low performance and productivty (Duffield and OBrien-Pallas 2002; Duffield, Kearin, Johnson, & Leonard, 2007). measured in terms of apparent effects on cost versus performance or productivity of the remaining workers, in the long-run (Bowes, 2009). According to Cascio (2009), downsizing has the following effects: â€Å"lost business as a result of fewer salespeople; lack of new products since there are fewer R&D staff members; (and) reduced productivity when high performers leave as morale decreases† (p. 1). As such, decreasing the number of employees does not always save an organization money because the organization would be incurring additional costs associated with hiring, training new personnel, and maintaining the current pool of human resources in a motivated and highly productive manner through the use of motivational techniques. Selecting a qualified person for a position necessitates application of acquisition strategies. The organization should have a well-designed job organization system that defines job positions according to qualifications of potential candidates versus the tasks and

The use of Graphic Novels as an Educational Tool Research Paper

The use of Graphic Novels as an Educational Tool - Research Paper Example One school of thought holds that the nineteenth-century Swiss Artist Rodolphe Topffer was the first cartoonist in the modern sense. Scott McCloud argues in Understanding Comics that the Bayeux Tapestry, which was probably created in the eleventh century, is an example of sequential visual narrative and therefore counts as comics† (Wolk 29). However, it seems that the audience remains unaffected by such scholarly debate over inception of comics as a separate art form; rather they are more concerned over deriving the pleasure of reading and involving themselves with the ambiance created through color, expression, and beautifully crafted emotions. Prior to the Great War II, American comic market was mainly dominated by superheroes. However, the situation started changing gradually since the post-Great War II period, as the Japanese Manga comics first intruded the market. At the initial stage heroes with humane attribute did not have the capacity to combat the superheroes but it did not take much time that manga heroes emerged as triumphant against American superheroes. Another benefit of these Japanese manga comics was that those were highly appreciated by women and teenage girls section of the society. David Okum observes, â€Å"Japanese manga developed a strong following after World War II. The themes and stories reflect popular culture and national tastes†¦.There is a wide audience of women, men, boys and that accepts comics and animation as just another medium of storytelling. Manga is produced for every possible group and interest† (Okum 8). No matter how much it is discussed about massive audience patronage i n favor of the graphic novels or manga, but the enormity of such popularity does not become clear unless we come across proper statistical data of the existing market condition of the manga comic.

Project Management Definition And Importance Information Technology Essay

Project Management Definition And Importance Information Technology Essay This paper has the purpose to discuss about project management and its importance in the business world. It will then refer to project life management and the advantages of project management to companies. Another concept to be discussed is planning in the project life cycle and ways in which critical thinking and research is mandatory in planning. The paper will refer to project organizations, the importance of sponsorship and leadership, as well as project team building (and how to build and efficient and successful team). Work breakdown structures are also points of interest in this paper as they will be discussed at some point. Lastly, I will refer to project management software in large project and the advantages to use them. Project Management Definition and Importance According to Ohlendorf (2001), project management is a methodological approach to achieving agreed upon results within a specified time frame with defined resources. Project managers will make use of skills, knowledge, different tools and techniques to various activities to meet project requirements. So, the three constraints that project management is concerned of are: time, costs, and performance. Project management is important in businesses for various reasons, such as: compression of the product life-cycle, knowledge explosion, triple bottom line, corporate downsizing, increased customer focus, small projects represent big problems, and others. Project management is important because one of its purposes is to compress or to shorten the product life cycle. One of the projects that I have been part of was to mount a wind turbine on a field. This way a repeating project that has been implemented for more than 20 years. However, since project management concepts have become wide known we have focused on shortening the implementation of this type of project. Project management has helped in succeeding it. It is interesting that knowledge explosion represent the fact that the growth in knowledge has boosted up project complexity as projects tend to use latest advancements if their budget is appropriate. Take for example the fact that building a hotel 80 or 90 years ago was not so hard given the fact that there have not been so many regulations in this area. In the present days, it is a complex process as the builders and project managers need to take consideration of many building codes and also seismic codes to design and build a hotel. This is why the importance of project management has increased a lot. Another reason is triple bottom line which is represented by the planet, the people, and the profit. According to Larson and Gray (2011), business can no longer simply concentrate on the maximization of profits to the detriment of the environment and the society as well. Business have to be more socially and environmentally responsible in what concerns sustainability and durability because the preservation of life on earth and the preservation of earth itself has become one of the most important purposes in the past one hundred years. Project management is important because of the increased customer focus. This means that in the past years, since the competition became bigger and bigger, since more companies from the same industry join the same market, businesses tend to focus on their customers and on their wellbeing, most importantly on increasing the wellbeing for the purpose of reaching competitive advantage. Project Life-Cycle Management and Its Benefits According to Larson and Gray (2011), another way to illustrate the original nature of project work is through project life cycle, which is composed of four stages: defining stage, planning stage, executing stage, and closing stage. The first stage of the project is where the specifications are defined and the objectives are established. This is also the stage when teams are formed and responsibilities are assigned to each team member. The second stage of the project life cycle is the planning stage which is when plans are being created with the purpose of determining what the project will include, determining the schedule of the project, the ones to benefit from it, the budget, as well as the level of quality that is needed. The executing stage is where the work to complete the project takes place. This is when physical and mental work is needed. Most of the physical work is done by less intellectual prepared employees (however, they have good skills), while most of the mental work is done by knowledge base workers such as directors or managers. To make sure that everything goes according to plan, managers implement means of control and evaluation, such as: time measures, cost measures, and specification measures. The last stage of the project life cycle is represented by the closing stage, which according to Larson and Gray (2011), includes three activities: delivering the project product or service to the customers, redeploying some or all of the resources of a project, and post-project reviews. Through delivery methods we understand transfer of documents or customer training. Through redeploying resources we understand the ability of using the resources of the project in the completion of other projects. Through post-project reviews we understand assessment of performance and also capturing the lessons learned by getting the project to the completion date. There was once a project on one of my former workplaces where we had to build a house for someone. We had to create a work team for this project. I was in charge with leading the project. I remember that we used project life cycle to get this project to completion. In the defining stage of the project life cycle we assessed the specifications of the project such as the materials we would need, the time to complete each phase, the papers that we need to get from the authorities, and other specifications that were relevant to the project. We have also established the objectives for the project, we created work teams and we assigned responsibilities to everyone. I remember that the work teams created have been created in a smart way because people with qualities in the same area would be in the same team (for example people good at infrastructure would be in the same team). The planning phase was where we referred to specific details of the project and the level of quality that is desir ed while in the execution stage we did most of the work to get the house built. Several methods of control have been present and we compared the initial established standards with the results of our actions. This way we tried to keep a good level of quality. Lastly, in the closing stage we evaluate the way the project was undertaken and completed and we kept the results for future use when other similar projects will be needed. In the closing stage we have also delivered the house to the customer along with certain instructions of how to use it. Leadership and Sponsorship in Project Organizations According to Stanford University (2007), some of the roles of sponsors in projects are: accountability, strategic fit, resources, project financing, lead political change, and own the final product. Some of the specific duties related to these responsibilities are to: keep the project on track, be available when consultation is needed, to make sure that the project is in line with the strategic goals of the company, to provide or located project resources, to provide or locate project funding, to be clear and specific with the end results, and others. Project sponsors are important and they need to be treated accordingly because they are key players for the company as it tries to reach its objectives. Keeping the project sponsor informed and updated is also important because the sponsor has the power to cut or give extra resources and funds to a project. When it comes to leadership, Winston (n.d.) thinks that a leader can be one or more people to select, to train, to equip, and to influence one or more followers who have different abilities, gifts, and skills, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“focuses the follower to the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mission and objectives causingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  them to expand energy to reach the organizational objectives. This may be a quite long definition; however, a leader is someone to inspire other people and the concept of leadership is really important in project management. Project Team Building and WBS Creating a project team may be a difficult task; nevertheless it is an important process that needs to be properly assessed if a company wants to reach positive results when it comes to different projects. According to Larson and Gray (2011) there are five stages in creating a good project team. These stages are: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. The first stage of the team creation is when members get to know each other and understand the purposes and scope of the project. This is when they need to identify rules that will be used with the team. The second stage, storming, is usually when members fight with each other as they try to find a way to get along and start working as a team. The third stage of team creation is norming and this is when the team members create closer relationships with each other and they form a cohesive team. The fourth stage is performing and it is when the team is fully operational and the team members have developed tight connections with each other. This is where the team works efficiently. Adjourning is the last stage in team creating and it is when team members prepare to separate from the team. As we can see, team creation is a process consisting of various stages that have to be browsed accordingly. Team building is important in project management because tight teams can provide more efficie nt parameters for project completion. To get the work done more efficiently, teams and project managers use work-breakdown structures. Successively subdividing project work into smaller work elements is creating a work breakdown structure which helps project managers in making sure that all work elements and products are identified in order to integrate the project with the organizations and also to determine a control basis. WBS is important in project management because it helps projects to become more understandable and it helps specific work elements to be assigned to people skilled on a certain area. By breaking down the work into smaller elements, WBS has provided clear and more comprehensive schedules and plans for managers, as well as for the people getting the work done. Project Management Software in Large Integrated Programs Along with work breakdown structures, large projects need software to assist them into getting the project to completion. This is also good for project management because it provides ways to better handle the projects and the activities related to them. Take for example software to handle work schedule for employees in a large company. These employees work in shifts and the shifts have to change now and then because some workers cannot work only at night while others during the day. Imagine how hard it is to manage this type of schedule without software to handle it, considering there are more than 1,000 workers to be included into this schedule. Also, project management software is useful in the areas of cost, time, and performance by trying to find ways to reduce the duration of certain stages in project life, reducing different costs related to these stages, as well as achieving higher level of performances through a better management of resources, a better management of quality, and a better management of human power. Conclusion This paper provided different concepts into understanding project management and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s important in the corporate world. It referred to project life cycle, to team building along with its stages, to leadership and to the importance of sponsor in projects, and to work breakdown structures and the ways in which they can help projects be more comprehensible. Lastly, I have discussed about project management software and its critical importance in large companies undertaking large projects. It has to be concluded that project management has become a mandatory discipline in corporations that want the best out of their resources.

Situational Influences On Purchasing Behavior :: essays research papers

Running head: Situational Influences on Purchasing Behavior Situational Influences on Purchasing Behavior Abstract There was an investigation in an attempt to understand what situational influences affect purchasing behaviors of consumers. Fifty subjects were asked to complete a survey in determining what attributes affect the decision to purchase a product. The effect of purchase was based on three different times of day: morning, afternoon, and evening. The effect of purchase was also based on whether subjects preferred caffeinated or non-caffeinated soda depending on the time of day. The subjects were asked to rate their preferences on a 5 point rating scale, one being agree and five being disagreed. The results indicated there was a relationship between caffeination and usage situation. Situational Influences on Purchasing Behavior Why do people shop? How do situational factors influence the decision to purchase certain items? The act of purchase is affected by many factors: mood, time pressures, or even a person’s disposition towards shopping. Time can be seen, as an important factor because it often determines how much effort and search a consumer will put into making a purchasing decision. A person’s mood can be affected by the degree of pleasure or arousal that is present in the store’s atmosphere. Most people tend to base a purchase decision towards a specific occasion; or even the way an individual may feel at a specific point in time can also play a big role in what we feel like purchasing. These factors may cause one to decide more carefully on a purchase. Marketers like to use segmentation strategies when advertising to let buyers know their product will meet a specific need one may be looking towards. Overall, many consumers’ purchase decisions are greatly affected by group s or social settings. The presence of other people around often has a positive influence on one’s purchasing behavior. Consumers look for different product attributes depending on they intend to use their purchase. In an attempt to understand how situational influences affect purchasing behaviors, researchers looked at several different approaches to study consumer behavior. Monroe and Lee (1999) based their research on issues involving the buyers’ processing of price information. Their assumption concerned how prices influence buyers’ purchasing behaviors has been that a consumers already know the prices of products that they consider for purchase, but, they are not able to remember the prices of items they had recently purchased. Overall, what consumers can remember may not always be a good indicator of what they already know.

Mother Teresa :: essays research papers

Matt Miller   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3-15-00 Mr. Thorp Morality Per. A Mother Teresa   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mother Teresa was a powerful woman with her missions and countless acts of mercy. Powerful leaders in our world today should learn from Mother Teresa and her countless acts of mercy, which she performed. Often men and women in powerful positions misuse their strengths simply for their own personal benefit. Mother Teresa is a perfect example of a modern day saint. Through her love and guidance of Jesus Christ, Mother Teresa proves to be savior. Now if you compare Mother Teresa to some of today’s wealthy politics and the way they conduct themselves, you will see a great contrast between to two. Mother Teresa does not work out of the intent to profit but instead out of her love to help others, like no other women our society has seen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mother Teresa used her power of love from God to help those in desperate need. Mother Teresa didn’t get paid for anything she did nor would she except money from organizations or donations. It was not like Mother Teresa had an overwhelming amount of money but she was simply a person who devoted her entire life to serving others and helping those in need. Many people may not have noticed it, but all Mother Teresa had to do was touch a person and that was almost enough. She helped thousands of people in poor countries with ailing diseases, but most importantly see touched the souls of common men. She made even the rich and selfish take a deep look into their lives, which brought out the best in everyone. When one person can captivate the world as she could, it makes you realize how very important she really was. It was not always what she did, but rather how she conducted herself while doing it. For all the many deeds she did, she never once asked for anythin g in return. Most leaders today are very selfish and are only contributing to society when they feel it looks good for their image.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leaders such as Mother Teresa should be highly respected for their accomplishments. It is people like Mother Teresa who give us all a new meaning to life. She truly proved that one person can really make a difference in the lives of millions. Mother Teresa set examples for future generations to continue her work. This shows how much of an impact she truly had.

IRAC method: Rule and Analysis Essay

IRAC method Introduction Reid v. Covert Casea   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This case involved Reid, who was a superintendent with District of Columbia jail and Mrs. Clarice Covert, who was a military dependent. While residing in England at an airbase, she was tried and thereafter convicted for the murder of her husband by court-martial. Mrs. Covert’s husband worked with United States Air force as a sergeant; however, Mrs. Covert was not an armed forces member. The trial and conviction of Mrs. Covert in the united states by the court martial was authorized by United states code of the military justice under article 2(11). She was, therefore, sentenced to life imprisonment where she was supposed to serve this sentence in a federal prison in United States. However, she appealed the case, and she was taken to District of Columbia jail awaiting retrial by the court martial in Washington, D.C at an airbase after her conviction being set aside. It is at the federal district court that she petitioned for a writ of the habeas corpus claiming that her constitutional rights under Fifth and Sixth Amendments were being violated because of her conviction by the military authorities (â€Å"Reid V. Covert Case Brief,†2011). Rule   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mrs. Covert termed this conviction to be unconstitutional under article2 (11) stating that she was not a member of armed forces and therefore not subject to the military jurisdiction. The district court ruled out the case that a civilian was warranted to have a civilian trial and in this regard this court granted Mrs. Covert her petition. The government appealed to the Supreme Court directly in the United States. The Supreme Court gave a ruling that military trial of Mrs. Covert was constitutional and that the trial by a jury that was a constitutional right did not apply for those American citizens, who were being tried in the foreign lands (â€Å"Reid V. Covert,† 2014). According to the court’s ruling, the congress was within its constitutional mandate and that by any means it could provide for trial through any means it deemed fit as long as that means were consistent and reasonable with the due process. A lengthy reservati on was issued by Justice Felix Frankfurter, and Justices William O. Douglas and Hugo L. Black together with chief justice Earl Warren issued a dissent that was strong. The court granted a petition for the rehearing subsequently. They held that those Americans citizens who were outside the territorial jurisdiction of United States still retain the protections warranted by the constitution of the United States. Therefore, the decision that was granting habeas corpus to Mrs. Covet was affirmed accordingly. In the case of a treaty which tends to conflict with any subsequent congressional act, congressional act in such a case prevails over the treaty except when it violates the constitution (â€Å"Reid V. Covert,† 2014). Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mrs. Covert argued that Article 2 (11) is supposed to be geographically restricted and thus military jurisdiction which was over her expired when she was returned to the United States. Additionally she also argued that as a civilian, she was not supposed to be subjected to the code, because under Article 2(7) she was not in custody of the armed forces. The chief justice together with the two justices rejected the notion that United States acts against those citizens who are abroad and that it can do without any restrictions from the Bill of Rights. They stated that United States is a creature of constitution entirely and in this regard all the authority and power are derived from the constitution. Therefore, USA can act according to the limitations which are imposed by the constitution. Thus, in a case where United States’ government wants to punish a particular citizen who is out of the country, the shield which Bill of Rights toge ther with other components of the constitution that seeks to protect his liberty and life are not supposed to be ignored just for the mere reason that he or she is in another country (â€Å"Reid V. Covert Case Brief,† 2011).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion Although majority of the courts concurred with the final outcome, they did so for very different reasons. According to justice Felix Frankfurter making a ruling that Mrs. Covert trial and conviction were unconstitutional merely on the fact that she was not an armed forces member displayed too narrow a review. Justice Felix Frankfurter stated that the determination of this case necessitated the court to review the constitution thoroughly in its entirety instead of merely assessing a single provision which grants the congress the power of regulating the naval forces and the nation’s land. According to his opinion, the court is supposed to assess all the factors which are involved so as to decide whether the military dependents are subject to court-martial jurisdiction when they are involved with capital cases. In this regard, he argued that capital cases require full article III trial while the petty offenses by the militar y dependant are not supposed does not. Therefore, his advice was adoption of case-by-case approach. Justice john Marshall also concurred with Frankfurter. He first argued that military dependents that were overseas were bearing a rational correlation to the armed forces and therefore they could be subjected to the court martial. He later advocated for the approach of case-by-case. Justice Tom C. Clark provided a substantial weight towards the historical practice. Clark argued that allowing such cases to be tried in federal court system would pave way for petty offenses which would have many adverse consequences such as delays, incurring needless cost, and also disruption. Therefore, he also recommended use of case-by case approach. In the Supreme Court history, Reid v. covert is the only case in which on rehearing the court reversed itself (â€Å"Reid V. Covert,† 1957). References Law School Case Briefs | Legal Outlines | Study Materials. (n.d.). : Reid v. Covert case brief. Retrieved January 11, 2011, from http://www.lawschoolcasebriefs.net/2012/01/reid-v-covert-case-brief.html REID v. COVERT. (n.d.). Reid v. Covert. Retrieved September 7, 2014, from http://www.oyez.org/cases/1950-1959/1955/1955_701_2 Reid v. Covert (1956 & 1957) ; Sweezy v. New Hampshire (1957).. (1975). Bethesda, Md.: University Publications of America. Source document

Study Guide History Final Exam

Public Health or Behavior 6. Bonus Army – veterans of WWW were given a $1,000 saving bond that matures in 1995 7. Wagner Act – Magna-Cart of labor law, rights for unions to exist protected by the law 8. Repatriation – With Jobs being scarce, In border lands regions, hostilities begin again toward Mexican-Americans Immigrants 9. Bracers Program – from 1942, government recruited Mexican-Americans Labors to come back over the border to help in war time Jobs 10. Rape of Nanking – Over 300,000 Shines men, woman, and children's were slaughtered.Beheaded, rape, bloody murder by Japanese 1 1 . Overhaul Patch ? Hitler tries to violently take over Germany government, his supposed to go to Jail for 5 years but got parole after 8 months 12. Battle of Britain – Between July and September 1940, the German Air Force launched a massive offensive In the sky of Great Britain 13. Doolittle Raid – the US, felt It needed to strike back dustpan after Pearl Harbor; Jimmy Doolittle propose a symbolic strike at the heart of Japan to get their population to question their invincibility 14.IOW Jim – black volcano island 15. John Baseline – Medal of Honor Receipt at Guidance. 3 days without sleep kill 3,000 mans 16. Operation Bodyguard – Fake army that keep German guessing where US was going to attack 17. Lebensraum – living space, It was Hitler plan so the white blue eyes can have property where they could raise their kids 18. Hugging – small army fighting big army by been so close that they couldn't use their guns 19. Complex – the aggregate of a notions armed forces and the industries that supply their equipment material and armaments 20.Eisenhower ? also known as EKE, American General and the 34th president; oversaw the final defeat of Germany Essay: Explain how the role of the united States In the World changed after World War II? Prior to WI, the US was one of several Industrialized nations co mpeting with each other? After WI, the US was the only industrialized nation whose manufacturing capacity was virtually untouched by the war. Even the Allied powers in Europe were devastated, as much of the continent had been occupied at one point r another, and Great Britain had been subjected to numerous bombing raids and rocket attacks.This meant the US was the only country which had the means to rebuild the world after the war. They realized that the Allies who had forced Germany to accept the burden of debt of WWW helped set the stage for Hitter's rise to power, and they resolved not to repeat the same mistake. They forgave the citizens of the country (hanged the leaders and Instead of demanding payment, provided financing for (west) Germany and Japan, which turned these two countries from bitter.

Building and maintaining relationships Essay

Building positive relationships is important task of your everyday life; social networking through communication, and relationship is the most effective way people become successful in the workplace. Building a positive relationship with your subordinates creates an environment as a manager where your subordinates are willing to work and put in the effort in their work to be successful. The key to building positive relationships is effective communication. Effective communication conveys your goals and paths to those goals with all of your subordinates, superiors, and peers. The benefits of effective face to face communication is immense not only does it build relationships, but it helps individuals get a understanding of the task at hand as well as the desired outcomes of those tasks. At my job at Chrysler my largest asset was my ability to communicate in an effective manner to my subordinates. Taking the extra time to listen to your subordinates, and hear what they have to say can make the difference between being a successful manager or an unsuccessful manager. The subordinates who worked for me where the most knowledgeable individuals about the job tasks in their department, and where a constant wealth of information for me to ask for opinions and questions I might have about the department. Building relationships with my supervisors was another asset I used in my daily life at Chrysler. Building a positive relationship with my supervisor enabled me to have a resource to go to when I have questions about my job tasks. The benefit of asking my superiors is they have experienced all of the same issues I was experiencing, and in most situations had an outcome that was either desired or not desired that I could utilize to make my decision as a manager. Another effective way I was able to communicate with my employees when they struggled with particular job tasks is to utilize coaching as a corrective technique rather than discipline. I found that through effective coaching you are much more able to successfully communicate and improve your work area than through discipline. In important way that the book conveys that align with my beliefs is communicating in a way that doesn’t put then receiver on the defensive, when this happens it creates a block in effective communication as well as effective relationship building. In my experience to avoid this defensive form of communication is to be open with your subordinates, and communicate in manner as equals rather than as a supervisor. It is easier to communicate with your peers than with your boss, so when I communicate with my subordinates I try to create that environment. Creating an advising environment rather than an evaluative environment is always a harbor for success when communicating effectively. When you are evaluating your superiors or subordinates it creates environment where communication is very indirect, and based on a image rather than the true root causes to issues that need to be resolved. It is through relationship building you will find success as a manager, in terms of success and eventually leading to promotion.

Sponsorship Component Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Sponsorship Component - Essay Example Sponsorship is considered as a business partnership between the sponsor and the sponsee. The both parties (sponsor and sponsee) have to add value to each other. The association between them will increase the brand value. That’s why sports organization must fulfill the satisfaction of marketing needs of sponsors, which can be done thru the help of brand or property that controlled or owned by the sports organization. If a sport organization gets a potential sponsor, then it will help to increase the brand position. Even more, it will increase the target audience and employment engagement. To selling a sponsorship to a sports organization, it requires to understand the prospective partners. Even more, it is important to understand the role of corporate marketing. Corporate marketing has two major keys, first one is to develop the brand and second one is to magnify the marketing to increase sales. After singing the contact between both parties, it should be ensured that every detail which have been made in contract are fulfilling by both parties. An average sponsorship bundle may include; the sponsor purchasing different rights including occasion title or class rights, signage rights, rights to particular designated tokens and logos, rights to utilize the expression "authority," rights to particular occasion promoting, advancements, and distribution considerations, and certain first-alternative rights. The particular rights fluctuate as per the size and nature of the occasion and the specifics of the agreement.

Are all waste products simply resources that have not been used yet Essay

Are all waste products simply resources that have not been used yet - Essay Example Waste products are made resources by the process of section, transportation, recycling and treatment. In addition, the system disposal is applied in determination of the number of recycle bins required to facilitate garbage collection at the curb. Nevertheless, the paper focuses on determining whether the waste products can be considered resources that have not been exploited. There has been a significant growth of governmental investment, among industrial sectors leading to increases of interest concerning Municipal Solid Waste MSW management projects. In this case, MSW management offers a vital opportunity for conversion of waste materials to resources. On the other hand, in order to convert waste materials to resources, there is need to understand the current situation experienced in MSW management (Hongtao & Yongfeng, 2001, 255). In fact, there are substantial factors playing a vital role in generation of MSW, which entail economic development, consumption rates, administrative s ystems, urban population and geographic location. However, the most important factors include the urban population and economic situation, which are considered a contributor to improvement of MSW quality. Waste products have been converted to resources through MSW for the last twenty years, thereby resulting to a change in the waste composition and an increase for waste. Therefore, value of waste based on increases of reusability is influenced by impacts of MSW components. Moreover, this entails domestic fuel used and other living standards, which are associated with the levels of composition. Some of identified sources of MSW include residential, municipal, institutional, commercial, and other attributes of the city that entail size, location and economic condition. There are high recyclable content gathered through MSW in exclusive residential districts; for instance, there are percentages of kitchen waste, ash and dirt, which are lesser than regular to inhabited district (Hongtao & Yongfeng, 2001, 259). On the other hand, there are other fractions of kitchen residue, thereby making up a higher portion of waste disposed by residential district. There is waste gathered from neighborhood as a high moisture content that has a lower calorific value. Historically, there is influence of waste composition based on the living standards of people living is various regions. Therefore, management of MSW has become a global issue due to its significance based on judgment made by mayors, county executives and city and country council broads. In fact, this decisions made by these actors has led to a significant impact on the emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG), thereby contributing to climatic changes (Weitz, Thorneloe, Nishtala, Yarkosky & Zannes, 2002, 1001). Waste caused CH4 emissions emanating from decomposition of biodegradable elements present in waste streams such as food scraps, yard trimming and papers, they have led to increased potential for global climatic chang es (Weitz, Thorneloe, Nishtala, Yarkosky & Zannes, 2002, 1002). Moreover, this is associated by the release of GHG, which is debated in the country and in other countries around the world. MSW management program is applied as a resource for reduction of GHG emission, whereby it is

The Lifecycle of the Orca Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Lifecycle of the Orca - Essay Example At the beginning, the animals were referred to as killers of whale but later the name was changed to killer whales (King 4). We chose orcas because we wanted to learn more about their lifecycle considering that the animals are among the most highly socialized animals in the world. In addition, we wanted to find out how human activities threaten the life of the orcas particularly in the wild. This paper will discuss the biological lifecycle of orcas, how orcas interact with the environment and each other throughout their lifecycle, and how human beings affect the lifecycle of orcas. General Characteristics Orcas belong to the Kingdom Animalia, Class mammalian, order Cetacea, suborder Odoceti, Family Delphinidae, Genus Orcinus and Species orca (Northwest Regional Office [NRO]). They are well adapted to live in various environments and so they inhabit all oceans though they have a preference for cooler regions and coastal regions. They are highly social where they live in form of family groups that are known as pods with each pod consisting of 3 to 25 orcas (NRO). In addition, orcas hunt in groups and in a coordinated manner that is considered similar to the wolves. The family groups usually trace their origin to the mother’s side which means that they are matrilineal. Orcas are distinctively colored with patches of black and white which is an adaptation feature that makes it a deadly predator as the coloring makes it hard for preys to consider it dangerous (NRO). When it comes to size and weight, orcas can be as long as 10 meters and can weigh as heavy as 8164 kilograms (NRO). The senses of orcas are well developed with each pod having its distinct sound which is passed from generation to generation and it is believed to be a manifestation of culture (Ivkovich et al. n.pag.). Their diet is usually very varied and it consists of squids, penguins, sea lions, dolphins, whales, and tortoises (NRO). Literature Review Biological Lifecycle Reproduction and Mating Most of the information that is known about the reproduction of orcas has been gathered from studies carried out in zoological parks where the animals are kept in captivity. Sea World has the largest collection of orcas. From the observations carried out there, it has been found out that the female orcas reach sexual maturity at the age of 6 to 10 years while the male orcas reach sexual maturity at the age of 10 to 13 years (Sea World). Female orcas are usually on heat several times in a year which means that they are polyestrous and they ovulate even in the absence of a male counterpart a characteristic that is very rare in mammals (Boran, Heimlich and Boran 28). Another thing is that the female orcas do not experience menstrual blood loss (Sea World). Both the male and female orcas are promiscuous where they mate with more than one partner (Sea World). It is important to note that the age at which mating starts varies depending on the situation where in captivity orcas start mati ng early but in the wild mating takes time to occur and this has been associated with a rigid social structure where the males have to wait until they are socially mature before they can start mating (Boran, Heimlich and Boran 28). It is believed that mating does not occur between members of the same pod as a way of avoiding incest (Boran, Heimlich and Boran 31). Birth and Care of the Young Ones Gestation takes approximately 15 to 18 months after which a single calf is born. Most of the time the calves are born tail first but in some rare occasions calves have been born head first. Female orcas can bear approximately five calves within a period of 25 years (Boran, Heimlich

Collective bargaining report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Collective bargaining report - Assignment Example It is worthy noting that, collective bargaining is a recognized approach of creating a system of industrial jurisprudence. It acts as a method of introducing civil rights in the industry. It is vital to note that, this procedure enhances management by rules and diminishes management characterized by arbitrary decision-making. More over, collective bargaining is a proven procedure that aid in the establishment of regulations, which define and restrict the traditional authority exercised by the management. There are numerous benefits attributed to collective bargaining process2. They include chances of increasing the strength of the employees consequently their bargaining capacity as a team. On the same note, this study establishes that, collective bargaining increases the self-esteem and productivity of the workforce3. Furthermore, it restrains management’s freedom for arbitrary and unilateral actions against the employees. In addition, collective bargaining has played a fundam ental role in ensuring that, fair settlement of the workers’ grievances is secured. This is possible through the provision of a flexible approach for the adjustment of wages and employment conditions to economic and technological changes in the business. This is owing to the reduced chances for conflicts4. On the side of the employers, collective bargaining aid in easier resolving of issues at the bargaining point rather than taking up complaints of individual employees. In addition, collective bargaining widens the channel of communication amid the employees and thereby reducing the cost of labour turnover to management consequently increases employee involvement in decision-making. Furthermore, collective bargaining is fundamental in resolving industrial disputes. Besides benefits of collective bargaining towards both the employee and the employer, this study examines the gains of collective bargaining attributed to the society. The society gains in terms of industrial peac e stability in the country. More over, it facilitates the establishment of a harmonious industrial climate that aid the country to grow economically and socially. Another significant benefit credited to collective bargaining to the society involves constant check of worker’s exploitation and discrimination. The process of negotiation and substance bargaining is complex since it entails numerous stages, which sometimes remain derailed due to disagreements and conditions. Evaluation and selection strategy A negotiation process starts with evaluation and selection of a strategy, which is intended to guide the problem solving5. This normally involves diverse approaches or procedures of mediation or arbitration. Making contact with other parties The second stage involves making contact with the other party or parties this stage enhances building of personal credibility and promoting commitment tot he procedures set. Collection and analysis of background information The third stage involves the collection and analyzing the background information. The relevant information collected is fundamental in understanding the dynamism exhibited by the participants. In addition, it enhances verification of the data accuracy and minimizes unavailable data. Designing of the negotiation plan The fourth stage involves designing of a detailed plan for negotiation. This

Changing for Better Outcome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Changing for Better Outcome - Essay Example As application of CASS procedure would significantly reduce VAP cases, and any nurse working in units with vent-dependent clients should support the application of this procedure. Nursing accountability to clients would mean that they are accountable for implementing this practice safely. The application of the CASS procedure requires proper staff training, and nurses who care for vent-dependent clients should attend these training courses and in-services. Moreover, when nurses are competent to perform this procedure, they should strictly follow its guidelines. The additional mechanical suctioning apparatus only takes effect when monitored on hourly basis by nurses. The tubes may be disconnected due to built up pressure or by being accidentally hit by other staff members, thus frequent monitoring is a must. The aspiration function also stops automatically when the collection bottle for secretions is full. The negative pressure of the suctioning apparatus is set at proper level accord ing to secretion status of a particular client. Following evidence-based practice would guarantee for uninterrupted application of CASS procedure. To exemplify, the following sections present a potential client for such practice, as well as an understanding of my accountability as his nurse. VAP was not new to a vent-dependent client in my unit because this 59 year old male client had VAP almost monthly, if not biweekly. This client was in a comatose state. He had a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Case Essay Example for Free

Case Essay Telefonica de Espana. Does your analysis lead to the same conclusions as Telefonicas managers? The textbook explains SWOT as an acronym for â€Å"Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats†. Strengths; Telefonica is a monopoly at this time because it is state owned and this is a major strength for them. The fact that Spain’s culture and language is similar to the market in South America is a major advantage as well. Weaknesses; According to the textbook the prices associated with Telefonica’s service was high. Competitors were looking to exploit this by offering cheaper service with better technology. Companies who could lower their profit margin are a major concern for Telefonica. Opportunities; The deregulation of telecommunications in South America (with the cultural similarities as I mentioned before) seemed to be the perfect opportunity to enter this market and be successful. Threats; Due to the many complaints from their customers Telefonica faces many threats from competitors in this â€Å"new market†. There is a chance that they may not survive in this market if they do not provide better service and technology. 2. How would you characterize the corporate strategy adopted by Telefonica? 3. Minority investors in Telefonicas South American subsidiaries are unhappy with the parent corporation. Suppose you are a senior manager at the parent corporation. How would you handle the problem with the minority investors? What would you recommend to the CEO should be done about the minority investors? 4. The Latin American telecommunications market is growing much faster (12. 6 percent in 2007) than that of Spain or Europe, both of which grew at a 4. 9 percent rate in 2007. Should Telefonica have continued to focus on the Latin American market, rather than acquire O2 and Cseky? What about its purchase of a minority position in China Netcom?

Factors Contributing To Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay

Factors Contributing To Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay In the 21st century, negative environmental and economical effects have been experienced: due to global warming. Global warming is defined as warming of Earths surface and lower atmosphere; which tends to intensify with an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Basically global warming is exactly what it sounds like; the warming of earths temperature. Global warming is increasing very rapidly, everyone has to take action against it; by considering how it occurs, how it impacts the normal personal life of people, and how it can be prevented. However, it is very important for everyone to know how they contribute to the causes of global warming. In the present day life global warming is caused in many ways, but the most important is air pollution. Firstly, carbon dioxide and other harmful gases: from power plants, are released into air which causes the toxicity of the air to increase. Nuclear power plants; which are old and unchecked can increase the carbon dioxide by 35% in year 2030. At the same time most of the power plants in North America emits carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and mercury pollution (Cleaner power plants, 2007). Half of the gases that are emitted from these power plants are dangerous to everyone. Second cause for increasing in global warming is carbon dioxide from vehicles. Burning the petroleum products to run automotive transport vehicles cause pollutants like SO2, CO, CO2 which are being released into air. In the year 2003 North America had over 236 million vehicles which is responsible for nearly half of all greenhouse gases emitted by automobiles globally (Bureau of Transportation Statics, 2009). Furthermore, air pollution is also caused by smoking cigarettes. When someone smokes the nicotine chemical flows into the air which cause air pollution. According to Vince (2004) of New Scientist air pollution emitted by cigarettes is 10 times greater than diesel car exhaust. Most people are responsible for the air pollution, which contributes to global warming. Another cause of increasing in global warming is use of fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into atmosphere. Vehicles are the highest forms of fossil fuels use. For every one million gallons of gasoline consumed by vehicles releases approximately 10,000 tons of carbon dioxide into atmosphere (Gable, n,d.(1)). Also the use of fossil fuels in power plants releases lots of toxic gases. In fact that human destroy the environment to obtain these fossil fuels and burn them releasing masses of carbon dioxide into atmosphere. It is also said that power generation plants accounts for about one quarter of total emissions of carbon dioxide (Carbon dioxide Emissions, 2007 (2)). Finally households hold a huge stock in contributing to the effects of global warming. House hold appliance that burn fossil fuels like natural gas, coal, as fuel produces carbon dioxide leads to global warming. In 2003, the average household produced 12.4 tons of carbon dioxide from its hous ehold operations.(Hinkle Charitable, n.d.(10)), and even the construction and operation of residential units is the cause of 40% of all CO2 (Greenhouse gases, 2008). As one can see, everyone is responsible for increasing is global warming, everyone has to become more aware of the detrimental effects their lifestyle has on the rapidly increasing rate of global warming. Due to global warming, world is experiencing extreme changes in climate. There is no doubt that the earth climate is constantly changing. Some people feel that it is part of the normal cycle of events on this planet. Yet, most scientists agree that there are drastic changes occurring that are due to unnatural global warming. It is said that the average surface temperature may rise between 2o to 6o Celsius, by the end of 21st century (Riebeek, 2010(3)). Consequently, because of the changing weather pattern, there has been an increase in droughts throughout the world. Years are becoming drier in recent decades due to global warming.   This is caused by the heat that is building up around the earths surface. For instance: There will be an increase in drought in the next 100 years, that will threaten millions of lives and take over half of the land surface on the planet.(Douglas, 2006 (4)). A big enough rise of global temperatures would eventually melt the worlds glaciers, and indeed a retreat of mountain glaciers since the 19th century was apparent in some regions. That would release enough water to raise the sea level a bit. Also there has been an increase in floods because of raise in sea level. It is said that nearly 81 people died and 1.03 $ billion has been damaged in the flood in the year 1954 (Public Safety Canada, 2007(5)). Therefore, the effects of global warming cannot be denied; the increasing temperatures, extreme weather patterns and climate change are all visibly connected to global warming. Besides temperature, global warming has been linked to an increase in water problems. Water is habitant for several species. First, the depletion in ozone layer causes ultraviolet rays to fall directly on land and water without filter by ozone layer. When ultraviolet rays fall on water, those rays kill many organism such as plankton. For example, the penetration of increased amount of uv radiation has caused great health problems of marine plankton, which are density populate the top 2 meters of ocean water (Sparling, 2001). Secondly, the most important problem to the environment is due to acid rains. Acid rains affect the life on land as well as in water. It is worse in water than on land because organism that live in water need water to survive. When the water gets polluted due to acid rains then these organism cant survive in those conditions. For example hundreds of lakes in the adirondacls have acidity levels indicative of chemical conditions unsuitable for the survival of sensi tive fish species (Surface water, 1999)(13). Third important effect of global warming on water is increase in ocean acidification due to carbon dioxide that is being released into ocean. As the greater amount of carbon dioxide is being released into ocean makes it more acidic then its normal level. As ocean acidity increases, phytoplankton is reduced. This results in less ocean plants able to uptake greenhouse gases. For example increased ocean acidity threatens marine life such as plankton, carols and shell fish, which may become extinct later this century form chemical effects of carbon dioxide (Lindell, 2008 (14)). Since we have helped the environment to increase global warming there is only few ways to slow global warming. Firstly, global warming can be reduced by using public transport rather than personal vehicles. When people begin to make use of public transport instead of making use of their private vehicles, there will be a great reduction in the amount of energy supply that is being used.   For instance, public transport in US saves approximately 1.4 billion gallons of gasoline and about 1.5 million tons of co2 annually (West, n.d.(6)). Secondly, global warming can also be reduced by using new cars instead of old cars, If someone buy a new car that gets 10 more miles per gallon then their old car, the amount of co2 reduced realized in one year will be about 2500 pounds. The new hybrid cars using efficient gas electric engines, can cut global warming pollution by 30% or more (Seaman 2009)(7). Further more global warming can be prevented by reducing the amount of electrical power being consumed by everyone. This is a very critical problem because everyone has a dependency on electricity. Thats why this problem cant be solved but somehow it can be reduced by switching to energy saving light such as florescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs. For each CFL bulb replacement, one can lower the energy bill and keep nearly 700 pounds of co2 out of the air over the bulbs lifetime (Seaman, 2009). Using the Natural source of energy is also the best way to reduce global warming. Firstly, by keeping wind turbines in places that are always windy to produce electricity because they dont produce any pollution or green house gases. Some people say that wind energy is one form of energy that is rapidly improving and growing, use of wind energy reduces the environmental impact of generating electricity because it requires no fuel and does not produce pollution or green house gases (Natural Resources Canada, 2009)(8). Secondly, every country can use solar photovoltaic energy. It will help to reduce the amount of green house gases, For instant photovoltaic technology has become a favoured form of renewable energy technology due to a number of social and economic factors including the need to reduce green house gas emission, deregulators and the restructuring of electric power generating companies(Natural Resources Canada, 2010)(9). Thirdly, the most used form of energy, hydro energy, is one of the best options for replacing highly polluting and very costly diesel generation that currently provides electric energy in remote communities. For example a hydroelectric power plant doesnt emit any pollutants such as carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide given off by fossil fuel fired power plants. In this respect, hydropower is better than burning coal, oil or natural gas to produce electricity, as it does not contribute to global warming or acid rain(citation 11). These are the some of the natural resource which can help to reduce global warming. In conclusion, everyone is responsible for an increase in global warming by destruction of forest and polluting the world. In addition to this everyones dependency on fossil fuels also contributed to the increasing rate of global warming. It is also due to increasing temperatures that everyones life is being affected due to air pollution. Finally, there are the environmental effects that global warming has brought; increased temperature, climate change and raising sea levels have all contributed to the effect of global warming. Therefore, everyone must acknowledge their contribution and the overwhelming evidence that global warming is occurring. Only then everyone will move toward to save the earth.