Essay on Communication in Criminal Justice - 1121 Words

Communication in Criminal Justice Settings Ashley Thompson CJS/205 Erin Kirkpatrick Abstract Communication is important to most professions and human relations in general. When it comes to a career in the Criminal Justice field, you must have great communication skills. Possessing these skills can keep you out of bad situations, and might even save your life. Communication can be verbal or non-verbal and to be able to do your job well, you need to know how to overcome potential communication barriers. Communication in Criminal Justice Settings Communication is a necessity when you are working almost any job. When you are working with the public, the people in a community you must be able to not only communicate your own point†¦show more content†¦Are they stiff? Maybe they are really wiggly and all over the place, touching their face, hair or moving their feet around. Are they standing in front of you with arms crossed? What are their feet doing? There are many ways our body language can give us away. Too much or too less of something, shows that you are nervous, scared or defensive. When writing your report or any other documents other people will need or see, it is important to use proper spelling and grammar. The vocabulary used should be words that are easily understood by many, if you make your document filled with police jargon or overly technical terminology, the common people would have a difficult time relating or being able to understand. Diversity in Different Cultures American women are legally recognized as equals to men, and in most male and female relationships they are treated as an equal or a member of the team. In many other cultures, women and children are looked at as second class, or even property. Here is America it is against the law to hit your spouse but in many other countries it is OK, this treatment is often acceptable to do to children too. Also, most American’s believe in eye contact and handshakes, but other cultures may find this to be rude and disrespectful. When an officer is working a specific area, it is a good idea that he or she educates themselves about the people who live there. If there is a high population of people from Iran, you should know that thy doShow MoreRelatedCommunication in Criminal Justice742 Words   |  3 PagesMany criminal justice professions require candidates to possess strong oral and written communication skills. The essence of communication is the conveyance of a message from sender to receiver. Often times you will find that there is interference that may hinder your communication with the receiver. In the communication process, the parties involved engage in certain unconscious behaviors that direct the flow of communication. There is a step by step process that can be broken down into a communicationRead MoreCommunication and Criminal Justice6158 Words   |  25 Pages | | |College of Criminal Justice and Security | | |CJA/304 Version 3 | | |Interpersonal Communications | Copyright  © 2012, 2010, 2009 by UniversityRead MoreTechnology and Communication in Criminal Justice1092 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology affects our everyday life. Technology also affects the criminal justice field, especially in communication. The criminal justice system has different databases thanks to technology. These databases do things that humans wouldn’t be able to do or wouldn’t have the time to do. Two specific types of databases are AFIS and Iris scan. AFIS (also known as IAFIS) stands for Automated Fingerprint Identification System. AFIS is just that, a database created to keep track of fingerprints. Iris scanRead MoreTechnology and Communication in Criminal Justice990 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: Tech/Comm. 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Additionally, in today’s computerized world chances are these same positions will be expectedRead MoreCommunication And Conflict Resolution For Criminal Justice1340 Words   |  6 Pages Brandman University Communication and Conflict Resolution for Criminal Justice CJCU 432 RESEARCH EXERCISE 2 CULTURE Professor Peter Jaske November 29, 2015 Phuong Le Culture I think culture, simply is what remains after the various historical cycles. Through each of the development cycle, people interact with others and developing a new culture. Culture is an objective phenomenon, an integration of all aspects of life. Even the smallest aspects of life have a culture. It was suggestedRead MoreEssay on Technology and Communication in the Criminal Justice System1003 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment inside the technological and communications progression has matured from a lot of developments within central science and its growth is ongoing. Both positive and negative effects have occurred from the technology working in our criminal justice system. In this paper we will cover the different options for new technology that helps stop crime. Automated Fingerprint Identification System In the 1980’s there were a lot of unsolved criminal case due to lack of technology in older dataRead MoreEffective Communication in Criminal Justice Settings Essay1700 Words   |  7 PagesA caution gunshot shot into the air, a verbal demand to get down on the ground, and a sign applied on a correctional facility wall that flows, ‘warning: you are under arrest,’ all have to forms of interaction. Communication involves individuals vocally and nonverbally. Verbal concerns words, and non-verbal concerns written or actions performed. The subjects of conversation for this article includes how verbal and non-verbal interaction impact aspects of juvenile delinquent officers when approachingRead MoreIntercultural Communication And The Australian Criminal Justice System1364 Words   |  6 PagesIntercultural communication is a relatively new subject that has had increasing popularity among managers in both the business and education sectors. This essay will focus on h ow a lack of intercultural communication knowledge will result in racism, stereotyping and misunderstandings among different cultures and how this can result in negative long term effects for some already disadvantaged groups such as Indigenous Australians. Without effective Intercultural Communication, particular groups willRead MoreCJA304 Effective Communication In Criminal Justice Settings1999 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Effective Communication in a Criminal Justice Settings Option 3 YOUR NAME HERE CJA/304 03/02/2015 In the criminal justice system, a police officer’s ability to communicate is one of the most important traits an officer can have. Police officers communicate with everyone from the public to peers, arrestees, victim and suspect families, and court personnel. A police officer must determine the most effective way to communicate, using several different methods, with everyone without offending

Video Games And Its Impact On The Global Media Market

Shaun Howes SMP Update 5: Outline A videogame is an electronic device which involves utilizing user interface to create optic feedback. They can be enacted on a multitude of platforms, such as computers, video gaming systems, and even cell phones. Having spread to all these electronics, playing video games has never been easier. The International gaming industry was valued at $45 billion in 2007 and $69 billion in 2012. Making it the fastest growing industry in the global media market.(Video Game Industry.) According to the Entertainment Software Association the United States has the largest video game market in the world. Over 59% of Americans actively play video games. This accounts to over 160 million people disseminating across many backgrounds, genders, ages, and socioeconomic classes.(Galarneau) Despite its immense popularity among all people, children account for the largest group in the market. Video games are the most popular entertainment media among children in America According to the Entertainment Software Association (2007)(Mou). In the US, 29% of gamers are under 18, which is approximately 43.5 million kids (Galarneau.) That makes up 90% of all the children in the country. According to CNN children ages 8 to 16 on average,spend 13 hours a week gaming, and more if the user is a male. (Harding) As shown videogames have a significant influence on society. Although it has become a social norm and is embedded in the media industry most tend neglect theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Forces affecting the Gaming Programming or IT sectors804 Words   |  4 Pagesor regulatory trends or changes coming that will impact IT/gaming sectors Ex: Legal might include changes in government, new laws in discussion, issues that the public is not bothered by 1) The UK is making a consumer rights measures to allow people to claim for compensation for faulty digital games, music and movies. Because all games when bought are not owned by the customer they just have the right to use the game. If they cannot use the game they want it to be able to be returned. What theyRead MoreVideo Games And The Video Game Industry1344 Words   |  6 Pages2016, the video game industry hit an important milestone. As seen in this 2015-2019 analysis, the industry hit a market value of over $100,000,000,000: (â€Å"THE GLOBAL GAMES MARKET REACHES $99.6 BILLION IN 2016, MOBILE GENERATING 37%†). Just like today, 1983 was looking great for the future of video games. However, unlike today, 1983 did not go great for the video game industry, it went awfully. In 1983, the video game industry crashed and has not fully recovered to the value of the market since. (â€Å"VideoRead MoreCisco : A Global Leader1573 Words   |  7 PagesI. Cisco Background A global leader in powering networks used by a wide range of entities, Cisco was founded in 1984 and quickly grew to be the most profitable technology company with sales amounting to $39.5 billion in 2008. The 1995 Internet boom, which contrived a digitized platform for different organizations, presented Cisco with new challenges that required innovative and creative solutions to market its products. One of these challenges was evidenced by a 2007 survey that showed how 70% ofRead MoreDisney, Future Challenges1223 Words   |  5 Pagescomplementary line of toys, costumes and actions figures, followed by the DVD game and movie, characters presence in the Disney’s parks and in television show. All the line of products depends on the interest and popularity of the movie and new character to the large public. This is one of the general challenge and major area of concern: unpredictability of investments. The company starts to invest in new line of toys, costumes, DVD game and movie long before the movie left the theaters, without having aRead MoreLego a Brand Case Study1364 Words   |  6 PagesSymbiosis Institute of Media and Communication, Pune Brand Management Prof. Atul Tandon Lego Case Study Lego – The way the world plays An Introduction: LEGO Lego) is a privately held consumer product company engaged in the manufacture and distribution of a wide range of toys, video games and online games. A powerful and instantly recognized global brand has been a key feature of Lego’s success. Lego has worked hard to establish this brand throughRead MoreThe U.S. Media And Entertainment Industry Is Comprised1157 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. media and entertainment industry is comprised of businesses that produce and distribute motion pictures, television programs and commercials along with streaming content, music and audio recordings, broadcast, radio, book publishing, and video games. 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Basketball Business Essay Research Paper In society free essay sample

Basketball Business Essay, Research Paper In society today High School athleticss are a major concern, particularly High School Basketball. Major Corporations are doing a big net income on high school jocks, selling places ( Nike, Adidas, etc. ) , doing movies ( He Got Game, Hoop Dreams, etc. ) , and books ( Exclusive Influence By Dan Wetzel, Raw Recruits, etc. ) . High school hoops is such a big concern everyone is seeking to acquire their peaice of the pie. Who says there is anything incorrect with brain-washing childs to believe that hoops is traveling to take attention of them for the remainder of their lives without any instruction by high school. These hoops prodigies s have everything they need in High School and Jr. High School, because of what they can make on a hoops tribunal and non what sort of individual or what sort of pupil they are. If one of these young person hoops stars suffers an hurt that would no longer let them to play hoops, they would be left in the cold with nil but narratives of what could hold bee n if they had non gotten hurt. In the two films that I Reference in my paper are He Got Game, and Hoop Dreams, which are about the lives of high school hoops stars that are at the caput of the category, when it comes to basketball. In the movie He Got Game having Ray Allen and Denzel Washington, the high school hoops star Jesus Shuttleworth ( Allen ) , who is the top ranked high school hoops participant in the state. Everyone around him wants to cognize if he s traveling to college or if he traveling to play professional hoops and skip college. Hoop Dreams focuses on two interior metropolis young persons from the Cabrini Green lodging undertakings on Chicago s west side. Both of these immature work forces are recruited to play at a extremely acclaimed high for its faculty members and well-coached hoops every bit good. One of them stays to go a star participant ; the other 1 is forced out because of his economic state of affairs and goes to play for a public school in his vicinity. Both of these films focus on part icipants lives and how basketball effects their determination and their manner of thought. Basketball is their manner of life and is all they know, along with the streets. In the movie, He Got Game, there are many turns to the narrative and it is merely non about a narrative of a immature adult male seeking to pick a college to go to. Jesus ( Allen ) is faced with the world that he has to do a determination, non based on the feelings in his bosom, but what is best for everyone else around him. This is the most of import determination in your life ( 1 ) ( John Thompson hoops manager Georgetown university ) . In my sentiment, this is the most of import determination in his life or one of them because ; he has to make up ones mind if he wants to foster his instruction, or take the money and the fast life that professional athleticss has to offer. For an 18 twelvemonth old to hold to do the determination to do money for something he loves, or to foster his instruction, that is no competition in his head. He figures he can do money now and travel to school when his hoops calling is over. This manner of thought might be incorrect to you and me, but in that c hilds eyes that is the lone thing he sees fit for him. That is a manner of life, non merely a athletics. In the movie Jake ( Washington ) , is faced with a determination of conditions to remain in gaol for the remainder of his clip, or acquire early word if he can acquire his boy to inscribe in the Governors al-mater Big State. You do your portion # 8230 ; you present your boy, and Governor Cornell will make his portion. ( 2 ) ( Warden Marcel ) They are non believing about what is best for Jesus ( Allen ) , but what is best for them and how they can do the most money. One of the biggest parts of the movie is the concern behind high school hoops and the top hoops participants. Jesus is confronted with the option of traveling pro, but he is still diffident of what he wants to make. You # 8217 ; re black, I # 8217 ; m white, and this is green. When it comes to doing concern determinations, the lone colour that affairs is green. ( 3 ) ( Dom, athleticss Agent ) The large concern has taken over the little universe of high school athleticss, either being the shoe company s, summertime going squads, and athleticss agents. In the NCAA, it is illegal for any college jock or possible jock to speak with a athleticss agent, receive gifts, etc. Since all of these things are illegal, these kinds of things should non go on. In the film s every bit good as in existent life, it happens mundane and there is no terminal in sight, unless the shoe company s and the agents go out of concern, but in world that is non traveling to go on. In my sentiment it is a job, but it helps the childs that can t afford places and other things like that, for those childs they figure they go to high school get by pl ay hoops and acquire what of all time they can for the clip that they are at that place. As for the childs that don t necessitate it and recive all that free material and program on traveling to college, they don t even see the tribunal because they are suspended by the NCAA. So there is no victor in any of these state of affairss, except the major company s who merely find the following star they can boom with gifts. The Last facet of the film that was discussed through out the movie was Jesus relationship with his male parent. Jesus didn T claim his male parent because he killed his female parent when he was immature, and he dislodged of the instructions his male parent was seeking to set into his caput turning up. God forgives, when will you ( 3 ) ( Jake ) Jesus does non desire to forgive his male parent because he feels that he killed his female parent on intent and that he didn t love her. In my sentiment, he has the right to be huffy at him and he doesn t have to forgive him unless he feels like allowing him in his bosom. The whole movie they merely made a twosome of scenes that looked at that portion of the narrative. If that was one of the major parts of the movie, so the managers should hold gone more into deepness with that plot line more. He and his male parent had many jobs that they should hold worked out, but in the movie, they were merely at peace with each other at the terminal. In the Documentary, Hoop Dreams Arthur Agee and William Gates face a batch of the same issues as Allen in He Got Game, but they face that early when their acquiring ready to come in High School. Arthur Agee fell into to the concern terminal of hoops when he was kicked out of St. Joseph s. The school promised him that he had a scholarship to the school if he would come to the school and play hoops for them, but when he got at that place and didn Ts make the advancement that, they were trusting he would. That isn T carnival to him or his household because they put some unreal outlooks upon him that he was incognizant of and he had to endure the effects because of it. When these schools recruit childs they should state them what they expect of them and how they want them to come on in that twelvemonth, and what their outlooks are for the twelvemonth. By making this they can hold an Idea of what they need to make and how they should travel about making it. In my sentiment, they shouldn t give these false agencies of security, to construct them up and interrupt them down slow. William Gates was involved in the concern excessively, but he flourished under his fortunes that he was given. William besides had something that Arthur didn T that was worth more at the clip, he had a more mature organic structure and more developed accomplishments and was more coveted because of that. Since he was more skilled and bigger physically, they found a manner for him to remain in school, unlike Arthur. If St Josephs could happen a manner for William to remain, they could hold done the same for Arthur, but they were merely looking at the present and non the hereafter. If they would hold looked at the hereafter so Arthur likely would hold been a better investing than William because he was a better participant win he was older, and he didn t have every bit many wellness jobs. # 8220 ; You # 8217 ; ve got to recognize that cipher cares about you. You # 8217 ; re a immature black male. All you # 8217 ; rheniums supposed to make is cover drugs and mug adult females. The lo ne ground why you # 8217 ; rhenium here is so you can do their squad win, and if the squad wins these schools get a batch of money. This whole thing revolves around money. # 8221 ; ( 4 ) ( Spike Lee ) ( Hoop Dreams ) If they these childs and their parents would hold realized that it was merely a concern so they likely wouldn Ts have gone to that school. This facet of recruiting is non told to you, some things you have to calculate out on your ain. Basketball is a money concern merely like films ; if the merchandise doesn t sell or win, you get fired. Both are barbarous industries ; if you play, play to win. In decision, the movie industry is about doing quality movies, in most other instances it is about money. I don t think that the money should over shadow the movie and what you re seeking to state in the movie. If it was merely about money, why aren T at that place more movies about money alternatively of high school childs playing hoops? There aren T more movies like that because they don t sell, and people want to see some thing that they can associate excessively. Basketball is a concern filled with many political relations ; it is merely traveling to acquire worse every bit long as it merely keeps acquiring bigger. Coaches ever talks about sportsmanship and carry oning your ego with category on the tribunal, but the large concerns don t do it, so why Teach childs to make it. If we conduct ourselves like animate beings, we should non anticipate our childs non to make the same. The bottom line is we should worry about athleticss and their roots, and non our pockets.

The Impacts of Illegal Immigration on the Country of Destination

Introduction Illegal immigrants are people who have moved to another country without the legal arrangements. Some move to another country as a result of war or calamities in own country. Others become illegal immigrants as victims of human trafficking while others do so for economic reasons such as better employment and commerce.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Impacts of Illegal Immigration on the Country of Destination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some work and send money to relatives in the country of origin while others join family living in the country of destination though without proper documentation. Other illegal immigrants have criminal records and choose to escape to another country (Bryany, 2006, p. 10). The illegal immigrants find a new life and find means of serving in the new destination, accordingly the country of destination realize some changes. This paper will highlight the imp acts of illegal immigration on the country of destination. It will also give recommendations to problems that are created by illegal immigrants. Impact of illegal immigration on the country of destination Borgas (2006) points out that most immigrants target the industrialized countries due to the economic value associated with such countries (p. 2). In line with Waldo (2006) the immigrants whether legal or illegal tend to stay together and prefer to live in cities which are perceived to pay well. On the other hand, business entrepreneurs move their companies to the areas where they inhabit. They get cheap labor and make more profits. Employers use the services of the unskilled illegal immigrants and pay them much less than the skilled citizens who demand high wages (Para 2). Borgas (2006) also noted that the decline in wages cause citizens to move to other cities to search for a better paying job (p. 7). Illegal immigration causes competition among the low income earners in a countr y of destination. In his article, Waldo (2006) reveals that the illegal immigrants benefit from education and health institutions in the United States. These institutions are funded by tax payer’s money. They also compete for the same jobs with the local habitats. Employers employ these illegal immigrants for lower wages than the lowest wages of the citizens of their country of their destination (Para 1). Waldo (2006) disagree that illegal immigrants contribute to the economy of the country of destination. Even though these illegal immigrants are employed in less prestigious and neglected jobs, they end up working and earning more than the native poor families. From these earnings, they can be able to buy food and pay for housing. For that reason, the land lords increase housing rent making it harder for the local inhabitants to afford good housing in their home country (Para 2).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the Unites States citizens of lows status fall victim of victims of stolen identities. According to Waldo (2006) stolen documents such as â€Å"security cards, birth certificates, baptismal certificates and any documentation that can be used for identification is used, causing great hardship to the person whose identity is used† (Para 5). Public schools become overcrowded as a result of absorbing illegal immigrants as Waldo (2006) discusses. Overcrowding of students in public schools perform poorly in their academics. Therefore, compromising on the quality of education (Para 4). Illegal immigrants are likely to engage in crime to provide for their basic necessities. Redemske (2007) observes that the illegal immigrants lack skills and the papers to earn them a well paying job. In order to overcome unemployment, some end up unlawfully buying forged documents for to be recognized as legal immigrants. They may also engage i n prostitution and illegitimate trade to get money (Para 3). Immigrants who pose as gangs bring insecurity to citizens of the country of destination. Because they must provide for their families they shift from one crime to another. Illegal immigrants might bring the risk of communicable diseases to the country of destination. It is possible that the illegal immigrants were not tested nor vaccinated while crossing the border. Diseases like cholera and small pox can be introduced in the country of destination without detection and lead to loss of lives. (Redemske 2007, Para 5) Illegal immigrants have a financial implication on the host country. As indicated by a state auditor in Mississippi named Bryany (2006), the illegal immigrants benefit from programs that the government offers in the health sector, social security and education system. Because some are employed, using forged documents, they contribute their taxes in the state. On the other hand, the education institutes are obli gated to provide language programs that would assist non-native speakers improve their language skills. Similarly, the illegal immigrants are entitles to free medical attention (p. 5)Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Impacts of Illegal Immigration on the Country of Destination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The United States courts have ruled in favored of the illegal immigrants into programs enjoyed by the citizens. Bryany (2006) mentioned that the education system gives social security numbers to students who do not have and are allowed to benefit from programs such as the school feeding plan. Students cannot be denied access to education because of the status of their immigration. Any notion that would cause discrimination against students is highly discouraged. For instance, documentation of illegal immigrants in schools is not allowed, it is believed that such a step would motivate the expulsi on of students without legal documents and therefore denying them an opportunity to get education. These costs are extended to the tax payers of the country of destination (p. 6). Bryany (2006) says that the cost of health in the local clinics have increased as a result of the illegal immigrants. The immigrants receive medical care and fail to meet the cost of medical services. The local health clinics raise their cost of services and medicines so that they can recover the unpaid bills. Furthermore the state is also involved in funding the health clinics and other medical learning institutions where the immigrants receive health services (p. 8). Recommendation The European Neighborhood and Partnership Instrument ENPI (2008) argue that both the country of origin and the country of destination must work hand in hand to prevent illegal immigration. The country of origin looses skillful people and should put measures to restrict illegal immigration. The neighboring countries must cooper ate in terms of the border movement and policies concerning migration (p. 1). The ENPI (2008) views the use of biometrics as a solution to illegal immigration. States have been reluctant to embrace the use of biometrics due to the high cost, however, the cost has reduced and it can be effective in eradicating forgery and maintaining high security standards (p. 2). Conclusion The illegal immigrants give cheap labor to the country of destination however, they cause changes in the labor market where the natives are paid little yet they are skilled. They have a financial obligation where they are entitled to medical services, school program and social security. The cost of the services is met by the tax payer’s money. Other impacts are spread of disease and insecurity due to criminal activities. Therefore policies must be enacted so that the citizens of the country of destination do not suffer as a result of illegal immigration.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Borgas, G. J. (2006). The Impact of immigration on the labor market. Web. Bryany, P. (2006). The impact of illegal immigration on Mississippi: cost and Population  Trends. Web. The ENPI Special. (2008). Fighting illegal immigrants. No.6. Web. Redemske, P. (2007). Does illegal immigration help or harm the country of destination?  Web. Waldo, B. (2006). The Negative effect of rampant illegal immigration into the United  States. Web. This research paper on The Impacts of Illegal Immigration on the Country of Destination was written and submitted by user Anna Greer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Vocabulary Tips On the One Hand, On the Other Hand

Vocabulary Tips On the One Hand, On the Other Hand Vocabulary Tips: On the One Hand, On the Other Hand The phrase â€Å"on the one hand†¦ on the other hand† is common in English. But what exactly does it mean? And whose hands are we talking about? Well, if you take our (metaphorical) hand, we’ll be happy to walk you through how to use this phrase correctly in your writing. What Does â€Å"On the One Hand, On the Other Hand† Mean? We use â€Å"on the one hand† and â€Å"on the other hand† to present opposed ideas or points of view: On the one hand, I would like to go to the party. On the other hand, I should get an early night. Here, for example, we can see how â€Å"on the one hand† introduces one possibility (i.e., going to a party), while â€Å"on the other hand† introduces a contrasting possibility (i.e., an early night). The phrase therefore works as a conjunctive adverb, which is an adverb that connects two ideas. And as for whose hands we’re talking about here, the phrase draws on the simple idea of offering someone one choice in your left hand and a different choice in your right hand. Can You Use â€Å"On the Other Hand† by Itself? One point of controversy is whether we should always use â€Å"on the one hand† and â€Å"on the other hand† as a pair. In practice, many people use â€Å"on the other hand† by itself to introduce a contrasting idea. For example, we could rephrase the example above as follows: I would like to go to the party. On the other hand, I should get an early night. â€Å"On the other hand† here has exactly the same meaning as it does above. The only difference is that the first â€Å"hand† is implicit rather than explicit. And most English speakers will understand this without any problems. As such, it is fine to use â€Å"on the other hand† by itself in many contexts. However, some consider using â€Å"on the other hand† by itself informal. As such, you may want to avoid this in formal writing, such as academic papers or business documents. In addition, if you do use â€Å"on the one hand† and â€Å"on the other hand† as a pair, try to keep them close together. This is so the reader can see the connection between the two. It could be within a single sentence, or it could be in successive paragraphs. But if there are several paragraphs or pages between the â€Å"one hand† and the â€Å"other hand,† the connection may be hard to spot.

Canned Air Isnt Air (Chemical Composition)

Canned Air Isnt Air (Chemical Composition) Canned air isnt air, though it is canned. Its not even filled with a gas you normally find in air. Canned air or gas duster is a product that uses compressed gas to clean surfaces. Its nice for blasting out keyboard chow and dust bunnies in the cooling vents of computers and other electronic devices. You may have heard about people dying from purposely inhaling canned air, presumably trying to get high off of it. There are two ways you can die from this practice. One is from anoxia or simply not getting enough oxygen. The other is from the toxicity of the gases used in the product. The usual gases found in canned air are difluoroethane, trifluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, or butane. Butane is an interesting choice because its flammable, so using canned air to cool hot electronics may not be a wise decision (see my burning bubbles project if you need convincing about potential flammability). Incidentally, burning the fluorocarbons tends to produce extra-nasty chemicals such as hydrofluoric acid and carbonyl fluoride. My laptop would suffocate and overheat without a little help from canned air every now and then. Its a useful product to have around. Just dont go thinking its a harmless household chemical, because its not.

What is Culture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is Culture - Assignment Example Culture is shared by a certain and specific group. It is shared through social interaction. For example, the parenting style of my parents may impact my own parent style. Culture changes over time, it is dynamic and diverse. Culture is an important part of anthropological research as it provides the basis of understanding the development of human life. As an integral part of one’s life, culture can help researchers explain the impact of the different changes in the society over time. Generalized, balanced, and negative reciprocity – Reciprocity is the mode of exchange. Generalized reciprocity involves exchanges between closely related people and it functions to establish personal relationships (Haviland, 2008). The return of the exchange is not immediate and there is less expectation that a return will happen. Example, my friend treats me dinner for my birthday, there may be expectation that I will treat her on her birthday too. Balanced reciprocity is an exchange of eq ual values (Haviland, 2008).. Example, I will give you 3 books and you will give me 3 books that I don’t have but with the same author. The transaction is immediate. Negative reciprocity involves profit, meaning one party gets more than the other (Haviland, 2008).. This is like barter. ... Usually, the difference between both families depends on how they live or associate together. Our family consists of both nuclear and extended families. We have an aunt living with her husband and children alone, away from everyone else. We have an uncle who lives with his wife’s parents and siblings. Understanding the family structure is important in anthropological research because it sheds light to its influence in the development of the society. Kinship – Kinship is the relationship between people through shared characteristics or through cultural arrangements (Ferraro & Andreatta, 2008). It is the basis for forming social groups and for classifying the different roles and categories of individuals. Through kinship, there are different things that can be transferred or transmitted. It may be goods, values or behavior. Kinship may be by blood or by law. The study of kinship is important for anthropological research because it helps researchers understand how it affec ts culture. It is also important because it affects social relationships, such as friendship and marriage. How a kinship works can be seen through inheritance. Most often, the closest kin, such as the spouse or children, gets all or more inheritance compared to distant relatives, such as the children of the cousin. Example, understanding the relationship between my parents and my grandparents may explain my parents’ parenting style. Norms vs. transgressions – Norms and transgressions differentiate the different behaviors in the society. A norm is the expected action or behavior. Example, as a child I am expected to respect my parents, such as say thank you, ask for permission to go out with my friends and not lie to them. Most norms are usually implicit or

Jason and demarco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jason and demarco - Essay Example Although unorthodox, this brief analysis will work to examine Jason and DeMarco’s ministry as a function of how it compares to the mores of mainline Christianity and how it might differ. In order to accomplish such a task, the author has pulled together resources from Jason and DeMarco’s own website, their biography as expounded upon in a July 2004 issue of The Advocate, as well as selected works from their own discography and select music videos in the hopes of better understanding how they relate to mainstream Christianity. The clear and obvious fact of the matter is that this duo is most differentiated by the fact that they are a homosexual couple; while at the same time they are a musical group that works to promote the love of Christ throughout the communities they serve. Although Jason and DeMarco describe their spiritual mission as concentric upon witnessing to and spreading the word of God within the LGBT community, the group appeals to Christians of all sexual orientations as well. From a standpoint of their ministry, the most positive factor is that the duo has not let their homosexuality serve as a reason for not pursuing their faith. In a way, Jason and DeMarco are pioneers in this regard due to the fact that discrimination and early trials would have been enough to discourage anyone for continuing to align themselves with such a group that provided such high levels of judgment and non-acceptance as did those Christian groups that Jason and DeMarco were originally associated with (Quittner 36). However, rather than letting this be a discouragement, the duo forged ahead and sought to find an outlet in which they could both share their love for one another while at the same time pursuing their mutual passion of spreading the love of God. Similarly, a secondary positive factor relates to the fact that the message of love and acceptance that Christianity portends to all mankind is equally encapsulated in the ministry of Jason and DeMarco. Although this may seem incongruous to many Christians, the fact of the matter is that these two are furthering the very same Christ-like virtues that are intended to be spread by the church on earth according to Christ’s own teachings. Although many Christians might not accept their lifestyle (CITE), the fact remains that the duo are promoting the same type of love and acceptance that Christ himself ministered to during His time on earth. With respect to a negative aspect of their spiritual mission, the author finds it somewhat troubling that their ministry is so focused and concentric around the relationship that the two share with one another. Although this is doubtless a defining characteristic of the duo, it may not necessarily be the best vehicle with which to approach the focus of their ministry. As Christ should necessarily be the central focus of their musical ministry, it is somewhat distracting that the types of performance, music videos, and copious articles that a re written on the duo are almost entirely focused upon the fact that they are a gay couple who happens to be contemporary Christian performers. Perhaps a better model would be for the group to market and bill themselves as contemporary Christian performers who just so happen to share a homosexual lifestyle together. Although most of this press attention is not

Americas Free

Americas Freedom Essay Two hundred thousand people stood out in front of the Lincoln Memorial Monument on the 28th of August, 1963, lead by the tongues of musicians, artists, poets, and writers rather than politicians and leaders. It was the dawn of a new age in American history, a novel dawn of reason. Mostly young people, who were able to overcome religion, race, sex and all other physical aspects of the human kind stood in search of freedom and liberty, as was promised to their ancestors in the words of the Declaration of Independence. Ever since the great migrations at the beginning of the 20th century, when over 1. 2 million immigrants came rushing in through Manhattans doors in seek of a better life, Americas society has stirred and evolved more than that of any other nation on the planet. It was the harsh economic situation, which followed Napoleons defeat in 1815, and the stench which had foreshadowed the beginning of a new war which had forced the peoples of so many European countries to move out of their homes and settle into a new and more promising land. America was not only a new world in physical means; it was a world which had new, better rules. Freedom had been promised to all who were to step on its lands. Its constitution had spoken in a most loud and proud manner; All men are created equal. Unfortunately, this truth was not visible, even in the cracks and nooks of society. In that time the people did not give attention to problems such as discrimination. In Bob Dylans unpublished notes, he states; It was too cold to be rebellious. The weather had equalized everything. There was not much philosophy; and it was a more simple time. There was simply no idiom, or ideology to go against. However, the first step to fulfilling societys equality was on the horizon, for the first protests for womens equality had begun. It took a whole six decades before women gained the right to vote. The movement had been divided by fighting all until 1848, when pioneer feminists Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott had organized the Seneca Falls Convention to push for womens rights, uniting in 1890 under the banner of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. The association later evolved into the League of Woman Voters, which still plays a significant role in the U. S. election process. Overall, the Nineteenth Amendment was the product of nonviolent organized effort of women suffragists, and it was much more than the welcoming of both genders at the poll. It was the beginning of a century long process known as the forming of a new and libelous America.

Strengthen the Separation between Church and State Essay -- Argumentat

Strengthen the Separation between Church and State First Amendment issues of the separation of church and state and state establishment of religion have long been litigated in the federal courts. Until recently, the Supreme Court had a consistent track record of preventing the intermingling of religion and government, especially when it came to the nation's public schools. Yet this past year, a newly activist conservative court has set about rewriting some of the Warren Court's judicial legacy. In the 1995 case of Rosenberger v. University of Virginia, the Supreme Court, in a 5-4 ruling, declared that the University of Virginia was constitutionally required to subsidize a student religious magazine on the same basis as secular publications and activities. This decision opens the door to greater government financial support for religious organizations. Groups like the Christian Coalition and the American Center for Law and Justice, the legal wing of Pat Robertson's financial empire, saw this narrow decision as a victory for their agen da of weaving together government and religion, thus tearing down the wall of separation between church and state, To justify their pursuits, they site the need for moral leadership in this country, which many view as ethically and morally rudderless. Yet Ralph Reed, Pat Robertson, the Christian Coalition, and other similarly thinking individuals and groups are promoting an agenda more far reaching than their mainstream supporters have in mind. The move to infuse government with a greater religious presence has almost nothing to do with instilling traditional values and morality, and almost everything to do establishing Christianity, specifically evangelical Christianity, as the state religion. ... ... such unions. The United States has the highest level of religious involvement in the western world precisely because we have no state religion, as most nations in Europe do. In that region, state-sponsored churches are moribund, and religious enthusiasm is lackluster. America has a vast diversity of religious viewpoints because the spiritual aspect of people's lives is free from the intrusive tentacles of Uncle Sam. If it were not for our separation of church and state, odds are the evangelical faiths that gave rise to the Christian Coalition never would have existed. Therefore, Ralph Reed and Pat Robertson are destroying the agent of their own creation. They would never want socialized medicine, yet they are trying to implement socialized religion. But if you don't want government meddling with your body, why would you want government interfering with your soul.

From Discussions and Material Presented Essay

From discussions and material presented during lectures, write an essay to demonstrate your theoretical understanding and practical application of Marketing. Each student is to select one of the essay topics below and write an essay of 1500 words, to be submitted in Week 5. The essay must be referenced with relevant up-to-date sources. Choose one of the topics mentioned below: 1. Segmentation, targeting and positioning are interrelated activities which are important to achieving a successful Marketing Mix. Discuss these concepts in theory and give practical examples of how they can be applied to one industry of your choice. Examples of an industry you might choose: fashion for men, or personal care products (shampoo, shavers etc), or pet products, or toys, or vehicles, or furniture, or fashion for women, or financial services, or beverages, or baby products, or snack foods or another industry. 2. Marketing is all about delighting the customers. Discuss the theory and then give practical, real examples of how various products or services are delighting their customers today. Also provide your own ideas of how these products or services could further improve in the future. 3. Discuss the concept of perceived value and its importance to consumer behaviour and marketing. Discuss the theory and then give practical examples of how customers perceive various brands and how this impacts on their behaviour. 4. Good market research and environmental scanning forms the basis of success for other related marketing activities. Discuss the theory and then give practical examples of what types of market research and environmental scanning a company like Domino’s Pizza should do and explain why. . Why is it important to do market research and adjust the marketing mix when entering into a foreign market? Explain the theory and then give practical examples of how some companies have already adjusted their marketing mix in foreign markets. Also, explain what advice you would give the marketing team of â€Å"Vegemite† – if they wanted to launch this pr oduct in a foreign market such as South Africa (or a market of your choice), where people do not know the product/brand.

Education policy Essay

Security, quality education, access to healthcare, prospects of a reasonable job on merit and sound economy are the ingredients to be provided by the state to its citizens to run the state and the society smoothly. Growth of successful nations is denoted particularly to the education. There was a time when people believed that higher education should be available to people of all social classes and, obviously, it was freely available to all who wanted it. The fact that it is not, that public education was once available and now it is very hard to access is indicative of deep problems in Pakistan. Encouraging colleges and universities to raise their own resources by charging higher fees has clearly excluded a significant section of students belonging to poor sections of the society. Education in Pakistan is now so expensive that poor can’t even imagine of their children becoming doctors and engineers. Our education system is passing through a very bad phase now and it is regarded as perhaps amongst the poorest in the world. Cream of the Pakistani brain is either becoming idle due to non-availability of ever rising cost of education or going to other countries. UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS Article 1 provides; every child has the right to have equal access to an education, irrespective of their color, creed, nationality, ethnicity, or social and financial status, so they may obtain gainful employment and contribute to the growth of their society, being born free and equal in dignity and rights. Life for a common man in Pakistan in this so called â€Å"democratic† regime has already become difficult owing to the all-round price rise across the country. Inflation, combined with policies of privatization, has caused a complete deterioration in living standards of the people. Frankly speaking, there is no such thing as democracy in Pakistan. This type of â€Å"democracy† has often left the common man in constant struggle for survival. Majority of Pakistanis are living in poverty and unsustainable economic conditions; when they are struggling for their livelihood education loses its utility in their eyes and it becomes far from their desire. But for the riches and powerful corrupt politicians, things are very rosy. Pakistan is suffering terribly for that, with socio-political and economic crises strewn all over the society like a straw hut in a typhoon. Lack of good education and unemployment in Pakistan would contribute many social ills, including crime, prostitution, and the break down in law and order. In Pakistan, providing education to the masses had always been state responsibility. Now there has been a major push for the private provision of educational services. Moreover, corrupt politicians, feudalism, injustice are such problems which have further pressed the most pressed people of the country. Education is a tremendous tool for social change as well as an opportunity out of poverty traps. People trapped in the lower classes have trouble climbing out of it because they lack the tools to do so, because they live in a feudal society that actively works to keep them there, and education can be a form of escape hatch. But Education System in Pakistan In Human development Report Pakistan is placed at 136th position for having just 49. 9% educated population. In addition to that, Pakistan is ranked at 113th out of 120 registered UN members according to the research conducted by UNESCO et. all. Some of the very basic flaws of the education system in Pakistan contribute to the economic, ethnic and sociopolitical crisis within the country. Flaws of Education System in Pakistan Firstly, the education system of Pakistan is based on unequal lines. Medium of education is different in both, public and private sector. This create a sort of disparity among people, dividing them into two segments. Such a distraught infrastructure is a basic cause of high illiteracy rate in Pakistan and high drop out rates in rural areas and public school. Secondly, regional disparity is also a major cause. The schools in Balochistan (the largest province of Pakistan by Area) are not that much groomed as that of Punjab (the largest province Of Pakistan by Population). In FATA, the literacy rate is deplorable constituting 29. 5% in males and 3% in females. The third major cause of flawed education system in Pakistan is gender discrimination. The current primary school ratio of boys and girls is 10:4, which is a cause of huge concern. For the last few years there has been an increase in the growth of private schools. It is believed that Pakistan is among the most prominent states affected by gender discrimination. That not only harms the quality of education in Pakistan but create a gap among haves and have nots. Fourthly, the lack of technical education is a biggest flaw in the education policy that has never been focused before. Therefore, less technical people means low standard of education. Fifthly, the allocation of funds for education are very low. It is only 1. 5 to 2. 0 percent of the total GDP. It should be around 7% of the total GDP. At that budget allocation, the illiteracy rate in Pakistan would not decrease but rather increase. The federal and provincial governments need to cut down their expenditures in other areas and spend a bigger proportion of income on education. Moreover, the quality of education in most of the public schools and colleges is well below par; the teachers in government schools are not well trained. People who do not get job in any other sector, they try their luck in educational system. They are not professionally trained teachers so they are unable to train a nation. Quality of teaching needs special attention in rural areas where the teachers lack in all departments. In America, Europe and most of the developed countries, the emphasis of the states is on developing virtual education systems i. e. provision of education through online networks. The idea of online education is gathering momentum and many online institutions have been set up which offer online courses and online degrees. The Higher Education Commission and Education ministry need to focus on developing a strong online education network so that students through out the country can benefit. Universities such as Harvard, Berkley and MIT are offering online courses and degrees. It reflects the importance of online education in today’s modern high tech world. Finally, Poverty is also another factor that restrict the parents to send their children to public or private schools. So, they prefer to send their children to Madrassas where education is totally free. The government has to make changes to financial infrastructure to improve the situation. Bank loans for education purposes should not be interest based as it discourages the people of Pakistan to acquire loans. Education loans are offered at low rates through out the world and it enable people to acquire quality education. Social awareness regarding all these issues need to be spread and we, the people of Pakistan have to work hand in hand with the government authorities to improve the current system. Our children should not be deprived of their basic right to acquire knowledge. All these issues contribute to high illiteracy rate, which in turn result in economic crisis in shape of high unemployment rate and below-par quality of labor. Moreover, the country suffers on social, political and technological front! There are hundred other problems which need attention but the core-issues need to be addressed as soon as possible. You can read my article Pakistan’s Educational System which is an overview of the education infra-structure within the country. In today’s world, the benchmark for excellence is education. Moreover, if a country has a distraught academic infrastructure, the chances to survive in current competitive world are petite. The illiteracy rate in Pakistan is alarmingly high which calls for critical attention. The federal and provincial governments need to work together towards elimination of flaws of education system in Pakistan. The first time I thought about education and its significance to this society was when I went on a field trip to a school set up by an NGO in the late 1990s. It is now a rightly famous NGO but back then during my sixth grade field trip it just seemed like a project of a group of cranky Karachi businessmen who had decided to spit against the wind of the government’s non-interest in providing education to its people. These rich grouches had  gotten together in the chaos of 1995 Karachi and seeing the government more interested in massacring hard-boiled militants than provide social services, they decided to simply pool their own money and build their own schools. How benevolent of them. I would love to see these rich men’s tax receipts. The citizens of a country shouldn’t be dependent on the benevolent charity of rich men. Through their own democratic political process, citizens must enforce upon their richest members the income taxes necessary to fund an education system that reaches every child in the state. The fact that Pakistanis have not done so points towards the weakness of their political system in dealing with its population’s educational needs. There is no real shortcut from the state actually enforcing a tax system that extracts the adequate revenue needed to fund the creation of a school near every human settlement in Pakistan. The goal I have described of having a school near every human settlement in Pakistan, is what Pakistan is obligated to do under its current international treaties and the simplest and most straightforward way it can be done. It is certainly not impossible. Pakistan has managed to make sure that no human settlement lacks a mosque. The same needs to be done for schools. Where we went wrong Nationalisation of schools, as was done by the Z. A. Bhutto administration, was a shortcut that cannot be used, and was actually instrumental in ruining government schools. The provincial governments that ran education departments became overstretched then to the point of breaking. The schools that were nationalised saw the prospect of future capital and human investment in them pointless, as the former owners were now dispossessed of their old stake in the schools. Good teachers left, rather than become government employees to be posted in far flung places, and the lack of good teacher training colleges, a necessity unacknowledged up until recently, saw little competent replacement. By nationalising the missionary (Christian), faith-based (Muslim) and private schools, an unwieldy, unplanned expansion of Pakistan’s school system reduced the status of government school teachers to the corrupted, incompetent, ineffective place it finds itself in today. Teachers do not come to classes, and if they do, they are ill-prepared to teach. It becomes difficult to weed out and penalise underperforming teachers because their status as government employees prevents them from being penalised as they would be in the private sector. As much as this rhetoric may sound similar to the United States, Pakistan’s teachers’ unions continue to shelter wildly incompetent teachers, who beyond being simply bad at teaching, many times do not even show up. Anti-participatory environment We are not helped either by large class sizes, low teacher to student ratios, non-production of teachers in a sufficient quantity and quality by the low number of Pakistani teacher-training colleges. Central to this remains the criminally low expenditure on education by Pakistan, and the failure to collect or divert enough revenue to the education sector. Taking the education emergency of Pakistan seriously would mean finding means to increase the amounts spent on education in Pakistan, on a war footing. Students cannot themselves push for an effective learning environment. Despite the fact that some students actually do want to learn, the environment that exists in classrooms, does not brook dissent. This discourages students from bringing up flaws in their educational setting. This anti-participatory environment in classrooms is facilitated by excessively large class sizes, which discourages teachers from having more individualised interactions with students. This anti-participatory trend in classrooms is complemented by an anti-democratic trend in schools, where no voting is done to elect new prefects or monitors, rather the relevant students are appointed by the school administration. Giving students an opportunity to actually vote for their school leaders might inculcate democratic and participatory values in them at an earlier age, and teach them the responsibility of making their own decisions. If and when these students reach Pakistani universities, they can adequately recognise the entrenched authoritarianism accumulated in many of Pakistan’s universities over the last three decades. Student politics This persistent anti-democratic trend within Pakistan’s educational establishments has reinforced the low academic quality of these institutions. There is little legitimate input from the student bodies on how their education is conducted. Since the 1980s student union elections have been either banned or delayed, witnessing unrest in a violent country like Pakistan ripple into campuses as violence, as opposed to measured  debate. The situation turned chaotic in the 1990s when the general mayhem of the city of Karachi coincided with violence on the Karachi University campus. The presence of such violence made the students of that decade disinterested in participatory politics. This suited the authoritarian and bureaucratic administrations of varsities, as well as the sclerotic, unelected leadership of Pakistan’s political parties. They did not mind that the students of Pakistan slid into political apathy. However, the importance of student politics was re-kindled in the 2007 lawyer-led movement against the dictatorship of General Musharraf. The importance of student politics was even acknowledged by the government that won against Musharraf in 2008, when it lifted the ban on student and trade union elections. However, the twist in the tale has been the glaring domestic democratic deficit of this government. The anti-participatory atmosphere on campuses has not lifted as no memorable student elections have been held. Neither have any well-publicised trade union elections been held. And most significantly, no internal party elections have been held in any party that maintains a decisive number of seats in parliament. What the lack of student democracy has to do with Pakistan’s state of education is that there is no feedback from students, who are the objects of education. There is no diminishment in the cruel authoritarian atmosphere of Pakistani government classrooms, where teachers, in negligent enough environments can still use sticks to punish students. I never really thought about education in society as a child. That would have been expected of any 11 year old. But when I visited a third grade NGO school classroom in the late ’90s and saw another 11 year old struggling with phrases I would read just for fun, it hit me how serious the problem of illiteracy was for Pakistani society. In a misbegotten decade as that one, beyond the Gordian knot we had witnessed of Karachi’s bloody politics, the reality of children’s mis-education struck me as a crueler fate, a dire issue that had to be resolved immediately. That’s because these ill-educated children would not remain children much longer. They would soon be badly-educated adults. And if this cruel act of omission by Pakistani society was not amended quick enough, then one more generation would see their adulthoods wasting away under the 21st century curse of illiteracy. Tax the rich, teach the kids. We have an education emergency on our hands. The Education System of Pakistan is divided into five levels 1. Primary level (Class 1 to 5) 2. Middle level (Class 5 to 8th) 3. Secondary level (S. S. C) 4. Intermediate level (H. S. C) 5. University level (Graduation, Masters and Research) Another division of Education System in Pakistan according to the School System 1. 1.  Public Schools or Government Schools These schools are managed and financed by the government. Unfortunately, the majority of the schools are in poor condition.  » There is no any merit system; teachers and other staff are appointed by the ministers on their own wishes.  » There is no any accountability; a large number of GHOST SCHOOLS AND GHOST TEACHERS are listed in the documents. They are receiving funds and pays, but, in reality they did not exists.  » In Rural areas, the buildings of public schools are mostly held by Waderas and Feudal. They use them as marriage halls, otaks, bethaks etc. â€Å"Public schools are the nurseries of all vice and immorality. † (Henry Fielding) 1. 2. Elite Class Schools (private schools) Due to badly failure of government in providing the Education, the Elite Class Education System in Pakistan got successes very quickly. Today, even poor prefer to send their child in these private schools but because of high fee structure many aspirants are unable to part this Education System. It is generally accepted that, the standard of Elite Class Education System is more reliable and first-rate than Public Schools and Madarsas. There is accountability, transparency and checking system. Generally, the students of private schools are more competent than those of public schools and Madarsas. The government should take lessons from this Education System. These are successive models for the government i. e. CITY SCHOOL, BEACON SCHOOLS, PAK-TURK SCHOOLS etc. 1. 3. Madarsas Madarsas are the largest NGOs of the world. Today in Pakistan about 8000 Madarsas are working. They provide not only Education but also accommodation and food. They provide Islamic as well as worldlyEducation. Mostly, poor parents who are unable to educate their child prefer this Education System. The government should introduce the reforms for the Madarsas and improve their standard. This will be helpful in two ways. Firstly, it will provide free of cost education to poor child. Secondly, it will lessen the burden the government. Before the 18th Amendment, the EducationSystem in Pakistan was the responsibility of Federal Government. The Ministry of Education at Federal level was responsible for formulating Policies, Planning and Promotion of Educational facilities across the country. But, after the passing of 18th Amendment, the responsibilities of Education System are divided among the Federation and the Provinces. The responsibilities of the Provinces 1. To set the Curriculum 2. To set the Syllabus 3. Standards of Education up to Grade 12 (F. Sc, H. S. C, I. Com, etc). 4. Islamic Education The responsibilities of Federation are following 1. Planning and Policy 2. External Affairs; Signing, implementation and monitoring of Bilateral and Multi-lateral Educational Agreements, Pacts, Protocols, MoUs 3. Controlling of Libraries, museums, and similar institutions 4. Federal agencies i. e. FATA 5. Special Studies 6. Inter-provincial matters and co-ordination. † 7. Legal, medical and other professions. 8. National planning and national economic coordination including planning and coordination of scientific and technological research. 9. National Education Policy and clear cut Domain over the following acts. 1. 1. Centres of Excellence Act 1974 2. Area Study Centres Act 1975 3. Pakistan Study Centres Act 1976 4. National Book Foundation Act 1972 5. Fed. Board of Intermediate & Sec Education Act 1975 6. Federal Directorate of Education Isb. [Article 142 (d)] 7. Federal Supervision of Curricula, Textbooks and Standards of Education Act 1976 8. National Education Foundation Ordinance 2002. Source: http://www. defence. pk/forums/national-political-issues/125588-education-system-pakistan-good-bad. html#ixzz2PKkMjbtM Flaws hovering over Pakistan’s education system Filed under ISSUES 0 According to the reports of Human development our country is placed at 136th with just 49. 9 percent educated population. There is lack of uniform education system. Private and Govt. educational institutions has different syllabus. The flaws in education system lead to sociopolitical, economic and ethical issues in our society. Our education system is based on uneven lines. Even the medium of education is different in private and public educational institutions. This inequality has divided people among two segments. Such a distressed educational infrastructure is a crucial cause of increasing rate of illiteracy in Pakistan. The regional discrepancy is also main reason illiteracy in Pakistan. The schools in largest province of Pakistan Baluchistan are not establish and sparked as schools in Punjab. There is lack of awareness among people about the significance of education. In FATA the literacy rate is very poor constituting 29. 5% in men and 3% in women. The gender discrimination is also one of the major causes of educational flaws in country which is projecting the boys and girls primary schools ratio 10:4 correspondingly. In the last few years many new primacy schools for girls and boys are established but still there is need to establish more and more primary schools to meet the educational needs of increasing population. In the last decade the growth of private sector schools is tremendously increased. The private schools trend not just harms the quality of education but also created a huge gap between rich and poor. The people of lower class couldn’t afford the fees of private educational schools and colleges. In public schools there is lack of quality education. There is also shortage of required facilities like qualified, train staff, furniture and school buildings etc. Our educational policy doesn’t focus on technical education. There are very few technical institutions and less technical trained people in country. The funds allocated for the education are not sufficient the funds are just about 1. 5 % to 2. 0% of total GDP. Although to promote the education the funds must be about 7 percent of total country GDP. With increased education budget the literacy rate in country will surely increased. The provincial and federal Government both need spend a larger portion of their income on promoting education. Author: Rizwan Ghani Posted On: Tuesday, August 02, 2011 Source/Reference: www. pakobserver. net Total Views :1320| After 18th Amendment, improvement of education in Pakistan to international standards can be done with help of international frameworks including Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and boards like National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). Federal and provincial governments have to address the issue of teaching language (English, Urdu or regional languages), standardization of curriculum, and dealing with two-track education system- Urdu and English medium to take local and international exams. These tested frameworks can bring the progress of decades in Pakistan while saving billions of dollars. Thus, Pakistan needs to adopt appropriate policies to raise education standards, sustain economy and earn foreign exchange. The political, social and education complexities of teaching language can be controlled with help of international frameworks. PISA does not require the member states to change curriculums, teaching languages and teaching methodologies. It allows governments to periodically monitor outcomes of national education systems within internationally agreed framework. It provides a basis for international collaboration in defining and implementing educational goals and skills that are relevant to adult life (professional and social). PISA reading, mathematics and general science frameworks help bring national education at par with international standards. Around half a million 15-year-olds from 75 countries representing 28 million students, participated in PISA 2009 assessments and surveys. Pakistan can use PISA to improving national education standards in all provincial languages (www. pisa. oecd. org). Teaching in local languages can improve Pakistan’s education standards internationally. According to the 2011 Writing Framework for National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) of America, good writing instruction empowers students to acquire new knowledge and to develop critical thinking skills. This is true of writing in all subject areas, not just English language http //www. state. nj. us/education/assessment/naep/results/writing/2011naep. PISA and NAEP framework rubrics allow student evaluations irrespective of language. Learning and teaching in mother tongue is a universal human right recognized by UN. China, was a top scorers in 2009 PISA testing http //www. nytimes. com/2010/12/07/education/07education. html. It shows education in mother tongue does not affect nation’s international competitiveness and national education standards. Since education is a provincial subject, therefore provinces should be free to impart education in local languages, make English and Urdu as optional languages. Provinces can issue degrees with pass/fail with English/Urdu or both to free the country from politics of language. It will allow students to continue higher education without passing compulsory languages, which is a major contributor to school and college dropouts. It will allow the students to join job market who do not wish to continue with further education. The employer can omit or consider language(s) pass/fail status of candidate at the time of employment. On the other hand, the higher education institutions can keep compulsory languages as part of admission criteria. In line with many American universities, a six months period can be given to first year university students to clear compulsory languages. In terms of syllabus, international frameworks and boards can help Pakistan’s policy makers develop required syllabuses, fulfill demands of local market, and meet national education objectives to bring national and international education at par. They allow improving exam testing and incorporating modern technology in reading and writing. In addition, they facilitate linking of national boards to international boards like NBME (www. nbme. org). NBME model allows state medical qualified doctors to take national level exams, upgrade national education and examination standards and link them to rest of the world. It allows tens of thousands of international medical graduates to take United States Medical Licensing Exam without actually studying in American medical colleges. It is equally true for British, Australian and New Zealand medical boards. This model can help cut cost of professional education and fight poverty in Pakistan. Based on these frameworks and models, federal and provincial governments of Pakistan should collaborate to standardize local education and bring it equal to international standards. Islamabad should hold annual summits with China and western countries in line with reports of annual Indo-US higher education summits planning collaboration of universities in both countries. In addition, Pakistan needs to allow private publishers to print books according to the contents of given courses. It will improve concepts of students, standard of books and education. The existing control of federal government on higher education needs to be changed by allowing provinces complete control of universities, scholarships, hiring, training etc. Federal government needs to become a regulatory body instead of controlling authority and facilitates provinces to standardize higher education, provincial education and bring it equal to international levels. Federal education setup should work with ministry of labor and manpower to identify and develop human resource for interprovincial and overseas market, work with foreign missions to issue annual forecast of overseas jobs and train foreign workers and students. Pakistan needs to organize education to cater to local and international needs, attract foreign investors and earn foreign revenue. Reportedly, America and Britain earned $31bn and ? 8 bn in 2010 from foreign students respectively. China is charging $5333 boarding lodging fee annually for a five-year MBBS and one-year internship. It is also offering seven-year specialization degree programs (5 years MBBS and 2 years specialization) in most medical fields. Beijing has gained international recognition through standardized tuition fees, transparency, qualified staff and allowing foreign students and teachers in local universities (http //www.4icu. org/cn/). The Chinese model can help Pakistan cut prices of professional education by 50 percent and train surplus number of local and foreign students to sustain domestic and international needs. In line with China, Pakistan should also take necessary steps to attract flocks of foreign students, interns and investors. Finally, a debate is going on in China on two-track system- one for national college entrance exam (the gaokao) and other for international exams. Imran Khan’s PTI is deliberating about single education system. Pakistan can overcome challenge of teaching language, two-track system (English and Urdu medium) and bringing local education at par with international with help of international frameworks, NBME and more freedom to provinces. | Pakistan’s Education System and Links to Extremism Author: Jayshree Bajoria October 7, 2009 * Introduction * A ‘Dysfunctional’ System * Government Reform Plans * The ‘Madrassa Myth? ‘ * Reforming Madrassas * U. S. Policy Implications. Pakistan’s poor education system has increasingly become a matter of international concern. Lack of access to quality education, which in turn limits economic opportunity, makes young Pakistanis targets for extremist groups, some experts say. The World Bank says nearly half the adult population of Pakistan can’t read, and net primary enrollment rates remain thelowest in South Asia. Experts say the system suffers from inadequate government investment, corruption, lack of institutional capacity, and a poor curriculum that often incites intolerance. In August 2009, chief counterterrorism adviser to the White House John Brennan, summing up a concern held by many U. S. terrorism experts, said extremist groups in Pakistan have exploited this weakness. â€Å"It is why they offer free education to impoverished Pakistani children, where they can recruit and indoctrinate the next generation,† he said. There have been some efforts by the Pakistani government, Western governments, and the World Bank to reform the system, but serious challenges remain. A ‘Dysfunctional’ System According to the Pakistani government’s National Education Policy 2009 (PDF), three parallel streams in education–public schools, private schools, and Islamic religious schools, or madrassas–have â€Å"created unequal opportunities for students. † Of the total number of students going to primary school (grades 1 to 5), 73 percent go to public or government schools, 26 percent to private schools, and less than 1 percent to madrassas, according to the Karachi-based policy research institute Social Policy and Development Center. Within the public and the private sector, there are elite schools catering to a small minority of students. The majority of students attend low-quality private and public schools with poor curriculum, limited teaching materials, and inadequate number of properly trained teachers, or in many cases absent teachers. â€Å"[N]o Pakistani leader has had the courage to implement serious [education] reforms†- Pervez Hoodbhoy The government-mandated curriculum is a major concern for Western observers who say it encourages intolerance and a narrow worldview. Except in some elite private schools, which do not follow the government-prescribed curriculum, all public schools and registered private schools have been required to teach Islamiyat, or Islamic studies, for nearly thirty years. In addition to Islamiyat, â€Å"many scholars have noted that the government curriculum uses Islam for a wide array of controversial ideological objectives,† writes C. Christine Fair in the 2008 book The Madrassah Challenge. A 2003 report on the state of curriculum and textbooks by the Islamabad-based independent Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) said that for over two decades.

Compare the Different Attitudes to War Shown in the Poetry of Tennyson and Owen Essays

Compare the Different Attitudes to War Shown in the Poetry of Tennyson and Owen Essays Compare the Different Attitudes to War Shown in the Poetry of Tennyson and Owen Paper Compare the Different Attitudes to War Shown in the Poetry of Tennyson and Owen Paper O the wild charge they made! Tennyson was a poet Laureate and was writing poems because he enjoyed it, whereas Owen wrote his poem to warn unsuspecting soldiers of the danger. Tennysons main aim of his poem was to glorify the victory of the soldiers and he wants to make the war sound glamerous and used this to great affectiveness, Honour the charge they made! , this signals that he wants other people to respect the brave attempts of the soldiers. While Owen wants to tell people of his horrific experiences as a world war one soldier in the trenches , Owens intentions were to explain the diabolical conditions in these trenches Many had lost their boots, but limped on, blood shod. I think that it is obvious that he is making the point that the trenches were wet and sodden, and also how unfortunate the soldiers were. The poems are very different in the way they are formed as Dulce et Decorum est begins at a slow pace, whereas the charge of the light brigade starts at a face pace, Tennyson continues the slow pace until he builds up to a faster climax. Owen continues the fast pace throughout the poem Cannon to the right of them, cannon to the left of them, cannon behind them. This is the fast paced Charge of the Light Brigade. Tennyson uses repetition for emphasis Theirs not to make reply, theirs not to reason why, theirs not to do and die. This does emphasise to the reader the bravery of the men as they didnt question what was asked of them. However Owen uses similes to describe the mens suffering Like old beggars this portrays the exhaustion of the soldiers as they make their way through the trenches. The title of Wilfred Owens poem Dulce et Decorum est is in contrast with the poem, as the old Latin phrase means it is sweet and fitting to die for there country, whereas the poem actually means, people should not die in such a terrible way. Tennyson again uses repetition Cannon to the left of them, cannon to the right of them, cannon in front of them, it emphasises the intensity of the sound. He also uses metaphors to exagerate the horror that the men were facing Valley of death, this is the place where the battle was occuring. Tennyson emphisises the orders given to the soldiers Charge for the gas the men followed all the orders that were said beacause they were extremely brave. Owen uses very descriptive words all the way through his poem from start to finsih Of tired outstripped five-nines that dropped behind, this is very descriptive as it shows how tired the men were and the many bombs that were being dropped. The two poems are so different because Owen faught in the war and is talking in first hand evidence but whereas Tennyson used secondary evidence to write his poem. Tennysons poem The Charge of the Light Brigade starts slow with a march Half a league, half a league onward this means they are marching and prodding along slowly. This is a very slow opening, then Tennyson begins explaining the battle ground and calling it The Valley of Death. The line that reads Rode the six hundred it is repeated through the poem to show that the soldiers stuck together throughout the battle, and followed there orders. Owen however gives the reader the image of a very horrific time for the soldiers and starts off showing ,in first hand evidence, the appauling conditions that the men had to suffer, Tennyson starts off slow then builds uo to a climax which is very thunderous Charge for the Guns, he said; into the valley of death this is the build up to the climax of the poem, this poem becomes extremely fast paced and furocious Cannon to the left of them, cannon to the right of them, cannon in front of them. This is the fastest part of the poem and is repeated at a further point in the poem, when they are retreating after there battle, Cannon to the left of them, cannon to the right of them, cannon behind them this states that the men are coming away from the battle, while leaving it still at a maximum, but having completed their mission which was to charge for the guns. The use of writing tecniques throughout the two poems are very different, the Charge of the Light Brigade has more metaphors throughout the poem, there is a metaphor which describes the valley and how fierce it was there, Into the jaws of Death, Into the mouth of Hell this sentence is also used in repitition again later in the poem, the sentence describes the valley as hell. Wilfred Owens poem though uses more similes. The first sentence of the poem is a simile, Bent double, like old beggars under sacks and then theres Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, these two similes make this poem start off at tremendous pace. Then a similie which describes the man that was dying from mustard gas, And floundring like a man in fire or lime, this describes how much pain and agony the man was going through. Then the last simile in the poem is in the last verse which again describes the man who had died, His hanging face, like a devils sick of sin this shows how the dead man looked, Owen compares him to the devil. The two poems both have a different message for the reader, Tennysons the Charge of the Light Brigade wants people to honour the brave men, Honour the charge they made! Honour the Light Brigade, Noble six hundred! . Wilfred Owen on the other hand leaves a direct message for the oncoming and unsuspecting soldiers, The most important part is the message to the reader in the last verse If in some smothering dreams you too could pace Wilfred Owen tells the readers that he has nightmares about that man, My friend, you would not tell with such high zest Owen also tells the reader that its hard telling kids these storys, these two quotes tell the reader directly how horrific the sights were and that it has stayed in his memory.

The Tempest Summary for Students

The Tempest Summary for Students The Tempest, written in 1611, was the final play that Shakespeare wrote on his own. (He coauthored his last two plays- Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsman- with John Fletcher).  It is also one of only two Shakespeare plays that are entirely original. Because of those two facts, many assume that Prospero, one of the major characters in the play, is an amalgamation of Shakespeare himself. Many readers and theater aficionados believe that when Prospero gives his final farewell in the play, it is actually Shakespeare saying goodbye to his audience.  Whatever the case, The Tempest is one of Shakespeares more fantastical plays when it comes to the use of magic.  Ã‚   Plot Summary: A Magical Storm The Tempest begins on a boat, tossed about in a storm. Aboard are Alonso the King of Naples, Ferdinand (his son), Sebastian (his brother), Antonio the usurping Duke of Milan, Gonzalo, Adrian, Francisco, Trinculo, ​and Stefano. Miranda, who has been watching the ship at sea, is distraught at the thought of lost lives. The storm was created by her father, the magical Prospero, who reassures Miranda that all will be well. Prospero explains how they came to live on this island: They were once part of Milan’s nobility- he was a Duke- and Miranda lived a life of luxury. However, Prospero’s brother exiled them. They were placed on a boat, never to be seen again. Prospero summons Ariel, his servant spirit. Ariel explains that he has carried out Prospero’s orders: He destroyed the ship and dispersed its passengers across the island. Prospero instructs Ariel to be invisible and spy on them. Ariel asks when he will be freed, and Prospero tells him off for being ungrateful, promising to free him soon. Caliban: Man or Monster? Prospero decides to visit his other servant, Caliban, but Miranda is reluctant, describing him as a monster. Prospero agrees that Caliban can be rude and unpleasant but says he is invaluable to them because he collects their firewood. When Prospero and Miranda meet Caliban, readers and play-goers learn that he is native to the island, but Prospero turned him into a slave, raising issues of morality and fairness in the play. Prospero reminds Caliban that he tried to violate his daughter. Love at First Sight Ferdinand stumbles across Miranda and, much to Prospero’s annoyance, they fall in love and decide to marry. Prospero warns Miranda off and decides to test Ferdinand’s loyalty. The rest of the shipwrecked crew are celebrating their survival and grieving for lost loved ones. Alonso believes that he has lost his beloved son, Ferdinand. Caliban’s New Master Stefano, Alonso’s drunken butler, discovers Caliban in a glade. Caliban decides to worship the drunken Stefano and make him his new master in order to escape Prospero’s power. Caliban describes Prospero’s cruelty and persuades Stefano to murder him by promising that Stefano can marry Miranda and rule the island. The other shipwreck survivors have been trekking across the island and stop to rest. Ariel casts a spell on Alonso, Sebastian, and Antonio and derides them for their treatment of Prospero. Gonzalo and the others think that the spellbound men are suffering from the guilt of their past actions and promise to ensure their safety. Prospero finally concedes and agrees to the marriage of Miranda and Ferdinand and goes off to foil Caliban’s murderous plot. He orders Ariel to hang out beautiful clothes to distract the three fools. When Caliban and Stefano discover the clothes, they decide to steal them- Prospero arranges for goblins to â€Å"grind their joints. Prospero’s Forgiveness At the end of the play, Prospero has forgiven his countrymen, pardoned Caliban, and has promised to set Ariel free after he helps the ship leave the island. Prospero also breaks his magical staff and buries it, and  tosses his book of magic into the sea.  All of these things redeem his earlier behaviors and hearken back to the belief that hes not truly evil.  The last thing Prospero does in the play is to ask the audience to set him free from the island with their applause, thus leaving his future  up to the fates. Major Characters Prospero: While Prospero can be viewed as an evil character, he may simply be angry, bitter, and controlling.  The tempest that he whips up to shipwreck his countrymen is often said to be a physical manifestation of Prosperos anger.  Because he doesnt kill any of his countrymen throughout the play, and eventually forgives them,  many scholars argue that he is not evil. Miranda: Miranda represents purity, innocence, and the islands naturalness through her virginity. Prospero is obsessed with keeping her virginity intact, and ensuring that when shes finally handed over to Ferdinand, her new husband will honor and treasure her.  Miranda is often seen as a very innocent character and the antithesis of the witch Sycorax, the mother of Caliban. Caliban: Caliban is the demon son of the witch Sycorax and the devil.  Many people argue about whether he was human or monster.  Some scholars believe that Caliban is an evil character because he has tried to rape Miranda in the past, because he is the son of the  devil, and because he plots with Stefano to kill Prospero.  Others say that Caliban is merely a product of his birth and that it is not his fault who his parents were.  Many also view Prosperos mistreatment of Caliban (by making him a slave) as evil and that Caliban cannot be anything other than what he is. Ariel: Ariel, who inhabited the island long before anyone else, is a sexually ambiguous character, neither male nor female.  Sycorax imprisoned Ariel  in a tree when s/he refused to do Sycoraxs bidding because Ariel viewed her desires as evil. Prospero freed Arial, and Ariel remained faithful to Prospero the entire time the protagonist inhabited the island.  Ariel is at the core a very kind, empathetic creature, sometimes viewed as being angelic.  Ariel cares for humans and helps Prospero see the light and forgive his kinsman (even Caliban).  Without Ariel, Prospero would likely have remained a bitter, angry little man on his island forever. Major Themes The tripartite soul: One of the major themes from this play is the belief in the soul as three parts and that Prospero, Caliban, and Ariel are all a part of one person (Prospero).  Plato called this the tripartite of the soul, and it was a very commonly held belief in the Renaissance. The three factions of the soul were vegetative (Caliban), sensitive (Ariel), and rational (Ariel and Prospero).  Sigmund Freud later adopted this concept into his id, ego, and superego theory.  By this theory, Caliban represents the id (the child), Prospero the ego (the adult), and Ariel the superego (the parent).   Many plays after the 1950s have the same actor playing all three roles, and it is only when all three characters can come to the same conclusion (forgiveness) that the three factions are brought together into one person. When this happens to Prospero- when the three parts of his soul unite- he can finally move on. Master/servant relationships: In The Tempest, Shakespeare draws on master/servant relationships to demonstrate how power- and its misuse- works. In particular, control is a dominant theme: Characters battle for control over each other and the island, perhaps an echo of England’s colonial expansion in Shakespeare’s time. With the island in colonial dispute, the audience ​is asked to question who the rightful owner of the island is: Prospero, Caliban or Sycorax, the original colonizer from Algiers who performed evil deeds. Both good and evil characters use and misuse power in the play. Historical Context: Importance of Colonialism The Tempest Complutense, a Madrid-based learning website, notes that The Tempest takes place in 17th century England- a time that was contemporary with Shakespeares writing of the play- when colonialism was a dominant and accepted practice, particularly among European nations. The plot shows the deep influence of colonialism, especially in terms of Prospero’s actions: He arrives at Sycorax’s island, subdues it, and imposes his own culture on its inhabitants. Sycorax’s island can be seen as a representation of colonial America, which suffered the same subservient role as the island. The website notes: As Europeans did with the Americans, Prospero takes the power away from Caliban and treats him as an evil, ugly and deformed being, a despicable entity, who, in his eyes, is not even a human. The belief of superiority was the normal state of mind in the European nations. During Shakespeare’s times and the writing of The Tempest, colonization of America and Africa and the slave trade occurred. Around this time, the English were trying to establish their dominance in different regions of America, which were slowly coming under the rule of the British Empire. Shakespeare also seems also to have drawn on Michel de  Montaigne’s essay  Of the Cannibals, which was translated into English in 1603. The name of Prospero’s servant, Caliban, may have come from the word â€Å"Cannibal.† When picturing the storm in  The Tempest, Shakespeare may have been influenced by 1610 document, â€Å"A True Declaration of the Estate of the Colonie in Virginia,† which described the adventures of some sailors who had returned from the Americas. Key Quotes As with all of his plays, Shakespeares The Tempest contains plenty of pithy, striking, and moving quotes. A pox o your throat, you bawling, blasphemous, incharitable dog!Now would I give a thousand furlongs of sea for an acre of barren ground, long heath, broom, furze, anything. The wills above be done, but I would fain die a dry deathCanst thou remember / A time before we came unto this cell?In my false brother / awakened an evil nature, and my trust,like a good parent, did beget! of him / A falsehood in its contrary as great As my trust was, which had, indeed, no limit, / A confidence sans bound...Good wombs have borne bad sons.Hell is empty / And all the devils are here